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Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) affects ___ __ North Americans per year
3.5 million
Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) is the cause of __ of all antibiotic associated diarrhea in humans
25%
Fatality rate of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD)
27 - 44% if untreated
Clostridium difficile produces 2 toxins:
Toxin A is an enterotoxin
• Results in fluid secretion
Toxin B is a cytotoxin
• Results in epithelial necrosis
Clostridium difficile causes damage in humans through
Pseudo-membranous colitis
Clostridium difficile causes damage in animals through
Acute necrotizing enterocolitis
Clostridium difficile is diagnosed by
Fecal culture - not all strains produce toxins
Demonstrate toxins in fecal sample (GOLD Standard) - PCR (detect toxin genes)
Treatment of Clostridium difficile
anti-C. difficile-drugs - Tylosin
Fluid therapy
Sanitation