AP Government Mass Review

New Jersey Plan

The proposal that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population.

Virginia Plan

The proposal that called for population based representation in Congress.

Article , Section outlines the enumerated powers of the Constitution.

Article 1 Section 8

The most common formal amendment process is proposed by ___ of both houses of Congress and ratified by ___ of states

3/5, 2/3

Federalism

Power that is divided between federal, state. and local levels

______ Federalism is like a marble cake

Cooperative

_______ refers to transferring responsibilities of governing from the federal government to state and local governments

Devolution

______ feared a too strong government would limit personal freedoms

Brutus #1

_______ Madison felt a large republic would limit the impact of factions

Federalist #10

_________ supports Federalism and separations of powers + checks and balances

Federalist #51

The House serves ____ year terms and has ____ members

2, 435

The senate serves _____ year terms and has ____ members

6, 100

_______ - Inhibiting voting strength of certain demographics

Gerrymandering

_______ usually win elections because of money, visibility, & constituent services

Incumbents

The _____ party in each chamber appoints the committee chair

Majority

The leader of the Senate is the ______

Majority Leader

Most bills die in ____

Committee

In the Senate, members can _____ to delay the vote

Filibuster

A _______ motion must be called to stop the talk.

Cloture

Soft money was banned by the _______ Reform Act aka ____ or _____

Bipartisan Campaign, BCRA, BiCRA

POTUS is the ___________-____-__________ of the military

Commander-in-Chief

POTUS Vetos are _____ overriden

not often

POTUS ______ use the line item veto option since 1998

cannot

______ argued we need a strong and single executive

Federalist #70

A _______ is a large, complex organization of appointed officials

Bureaucracy

The _____ system was eliminated and the _____ Act required government jobs to be earned by merit

Spoils, Pendleton

An iron triangle is not the same as a ____ network

issue

____ agencies govern and standdize actions like the SCC and fed reserve

Regulatory

____ Jurisdiction is in courts inn which a case is heard first

Original

_______ Jurisdiction is used in courts where cases are brought on appeal from a lower court

Appalate

The Rule of ______ decides if SCOTUS will hear a case, minimum # of judges must agree.

Four

Judicial _____ argues judges must use the original intent of the Constitution in deciding cases.

Restraint

Judicial ____ incorporates the belief that social injusticies may be corrected with modern standards

Activism

SCOTUS justices and all other Federal Judges serve a _______ appointment

Lifetime

________ argued for an independent judiciary

Federalist #78

The ______________ are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution and protects civil liberties/rights

Bill of Rights

____________ makes the Bill of Rights apply to the federal government and now the states

Selective Incorporation

The _______ clause in the 1st Amenment says our government will not have a declared religion

Establishment

______ v. ________ ruled there will be no mandatory prayer in public schools

Engle v. Vitale

The ___________ clause in the 1st amendment says our government will allow individuals to worship freely a religion of their choosing

Free Exercise

_______ v. ______ ruled that a family's religious pratice outweighed state's interest in compulsory education

Wisconsin v. Yoder

______ v. ______ ruled speech limits if it invokes a "clear and present danger" test

Schenck v. US

_____ v. ______ ruled "symbolic" speech is protected (time, place, and manner)

Tinker v. Des Moines

_______ v. _________ ruled separate is not =. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Eduction

_______ v. ________ ruled to prevent government censorship

New York Times Co. v. US

The Third Amendment had the ______ clause

Free Press

MLK's _____________ argued that citizens should use nonviolent direct aciton to seek equality and expand civil rights

Letter from Birmingham Jail

______ v. _______ assured Americans they have the right to counsel

Gideon v. Wainwright

_______ v. _______ guarantees that the Second Amendment will not be infringed upon by state and local government

McDonald v. Chicago

The Fourteenth Amendment contains the ________ clause and the _______ clause

Due Process, Equal Protection

Government is based on consent of the governed aka ___________

Social Contract

Many Americans distrust the government which results in a low ______________ (empowered to change)

Political Efficacy

_______ is the #1 factor of political socialization

Family

Right to life, laissez faire, and less government regulation describes a ______ or _____ ideology

Republican, Conservative

Pro-Choice, support a national healthcare system, and expanded programs for poor, minorities, and women describes a _______ or ______ ideology

Democrat, Liberal

People with _____ education and income are more likely to vote

More

Younger people are ____ likely to vote than older people

Less

The ____________ describes the difference in voting patterns between males & females

Gender Gap

The _____________ of 1993 made voter registration easier by allowing people to vote when they renewed their voter registration

National Voter Registration

__________ is discretionary because Congress/POTUS regulates budget/taxes, etc.

Fiscal Policy

___________ is inherently political, the federal reserve is an IRC that regulates the nations monetary supply

Monetary Policy

Number 1 goal of political parties is

To win control of the government

Number 1 goal of an Interest Group is

To change policy

_____ system is why third parties are rarely successful in elections

Winner-Takes-All

The _____ theory is a belief that a small number of wealthy individuals dominate policy

Elitest

The _____ theory is a belief that many interest groups compete but no one dominates

Pluralist

_____ is a way that people connect to the government

Linkage Institution

Interest groups ____ policymakers to teach and persuade them

Lobby

A ____ can give limited money

PAC

Large interest groups have the ________ problem where members enjoy the benefits of the group but aren't active

Free Rider

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission provided the __________ to Corporations.

Freedom of Speech