BIO 200 Exam Review - JEOPARDY Style

Vocabulary-style flashcards based on the BIO 200 exam review Jeopardy transcript, covering photosynthesis, protein trafficking, transcription/translation, protein structure, cell signaling, and cell division.

Photosynthesis Products

The molecules produced (but not consumed) during photosynthesis, specifically glucose and oxygen.

Stroma

The region of the chloroplast where the dark cycle (Calvin cycle) occurs.

Thylakoid

The region of the chloroplast where the light cycle takes place; these structures make up the granum.

Rubisco

The enzyme that meets $CO_2$ at the "beginning" of the Calvin cycle.

Photolysis

The process of light splitting up water into oxygen and hydrogen.

NLS

The sequence or signal without which a protein won't make it into the nucleus.

ERSS

The sequence that directs a protein to be translated into the ER.

Secreted outside the cell

The final location of a protein that possesses an ERSS but has no START/STOP TM sequences and no other localization signals.

Seven

The number of START/STOP TM sequences for a GPCR.

Endomembrane system

A system including the ER, Golgi, lysosome, vesicles, plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, vacuoles, and endosomes.

Promoter

The region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds.

AUG

The codon that signifies the start of translation.

+1

The numerical designation for the start of transcription.

RBS (ribosome binding site)

The part necessary on an mRNA molecule for the ribosome to bind.

Euchromatin

The part of a chromosome that is relaxed and expressed.

Secondary structure types

The two major types are alpha helices and beta sheets.

ATP (Phosphate Source)

The molecule where a phosphate comes from when a protein gets phosphorylated.

Peptide bond

The chemical linkage between two amino acids.

GEF

The molecule that turns a GTPase on; for example, a GPCR acts as one when activated by a ligand.

Tertiary protein structure interactions

The five types of amino acid interactions: hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds (salt bridges), van der Waals interactions, and disulfide bonds.

Tyrosine

The specific amino acid that gets phosphorylated on an RTK.

Plasma membrane receptors

The three main types covered in class include GPCRs, RTKs, and ligand-gated ion channels.

Transcription factor

The molecule that takes a transduced signal, travels into the nucleus, and influences gene expression.

ATP (cAMP Precursor)

The molecule adenylyl cyclase uses to create cAMP.

Phosphodiesterase

The enzyme responsible for turning cAMP into AMP.

Prophase I

The phase of meiosis where crossing over occurs.

Four

The number of final cells yielded by the process of meiosis.

Translocation

The mutation where one chromosome swaps with another chromosome.

Single nucleotide mutations

The three types resulting in a coding region: nonsense, missense, and silent.

Non-disjunction in meiosis II

The error in meiosis that yields two $n$ cells, one $n+1$ cell, and one $n-1$ cell.

NaCl Dilution (0.01 M)

To make $10\,mL$ of $0.01\,M$ NaCl, add $0.1\,mL$ ($100\,\mu L$) of $1\,M$ NaCl to $9.9\,mL$ of water.