Judaism and Christianity

abraham

- Called by god to travel to Canaan

- he becomes blessed by god

- People believe he is important for fertility and ancestry

- him and his first son are circumsized

issac

- second son of Abraham

- Abraham casts out his mistress and son, so he becomes the exclusive heir

- god orders Abraham to sacrifice him

- since he obeys, an angel stops him, and a ram is offered in place

jacob

- twin son of Isaac, tricks his father and brother, and inherits the covenant

- he camps and wrestles with an angel - and becomes Israel

- he has 12 sons, and their descendants become the 12 tribes of Israel (Israelites)

covenant

god created this with Abraham, sign is that every male must be circumcised

moses

an infant hidden after all isrealite boys order to be killed, raised by pharos daughter as an egyptian prince discovers he is an isrealite, experiences the exodus

exodus

while tending sheep moses sees a burning bush and a voice speaks to him from the fire - reveals that he is Yahweh, the God of judaism

and orders moses to take the isrealites out of bondage and to a new land - moses parts the sea to help them escape to the sinai desert

torah (tanakh)

earliest Jewish text, 5 books

gensis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, deutreronomy

king david

- isrealites select someone to rule after moses death

- he conquers jerusalem from the canaanites and makes it capital city

- rule is full of turmoile despite havingdivine favor

his line is the later concept of the awaied king (messiah)

jerusalem

- conquered by David

- Solomon builds perment temple here - a huge center for Jewish worship

babylonian exile

- starts shift from isrealites and temple judiasm to jews/rabinic judiasm

- temple of solomon destoryed

- king captured and davidic royal line ended

- core of jewish community lived in exile for 50 years

rabbi

- the last prophet malachi increases the importance of written texts and their interpreters

- scholars of the torah

- may marry and raise a family

study/interpret the sacred texts and its commentaires

talmud/ mishnah

texts that were commented on and expanded - contains arguments and interpretations from Jewish scholars - mostly concerned with legal content such as dietary law

Halakhah

The comprehensive system of all Jewish religious laws, guiding all aspects of daily life

kashrut

Jewish dietary laws - kosher

messiah

jews belive a future Jewish leader, descendant of kind david, will come and bring a new era of universal peace, justice, and spiritual understanding

Talit

a traditional Jewish prayer shawl

mikveh

ritual bath for purity and repentance

shabbat

holy day of rest and worhsip - saturday

maimondies

great jewish philosopher also known as ram bam - synthesized jewish and islamic philosophical thought

zionism - the state of isreal

some people (theodore herzl) belived that jews would nlt be safe unless they were in thier own state- chose pailstine, un decised to partiton palestine into two states- this leaves 700000 palintinies homeless

3 modern brances of judiasm

reform judiasm, conervative judiasm, orthodox judiasm (moder and haredi)

conservative Judaism

middle gorud of reform and orthodox judiasm, they maintina hewbrew sercie but do accept acedmic interpretation of the bible, women can be rabbis but this was orginally opposed

orthodox judiasm

very tradtional - strict interpretation of the orah as liteeral word of god, men and women seperated in synagouge and must cover their heads always, strict observance of the sabbath

reform judiasm

much mroe modern take on judiasm, emphasised secular learning and vernaucalr western music, shortern service and men and women can sit together, rejected dietary and purity laws, tradtions are opptional, women can be rabbis

the western wall

jersualem concrered by isrealies s during the 6 day war - ;ast remaning wall from second temple destoryed by romans - holiest sote in modern judiasm

jesus of nazareth

christainty recognizes him as awaited messiah - death is sacrific for sins of all people

paul of tarsus

originally saul - ridesto damascus and hears a heavently voice - an encourter with the resurrected jesus - greatest early missoray of christianity

peter

Most important if 12 disciples - becomes bishop of rome - popes are his succsessors

Four canonical gospels

Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John - the New Testament

new testament/Christian Bible

consists of 27 books

- four consoles

- Acts of the Apostles

- 21 epistles

- book of revelation

- old testament and new testament

baptism

ritual purification using water

eurchirst

Based on the last supper - bread is the body, wine is the blood (transubstantiation)

priesthood

all male - responsible for performing sacraments - forbidden to marry

the pope

the bishop of Rome and the worldwide leader of the Roman Catholic Church

constantine

converts to Christianity after a vision on the battlefield - the first Christian emperor makes it legal in the Roman Empire, and eventually the state religion

holy trinity

father, son, holy spirit

great schism of 1054

cathloic church splits into two roman cathloic and eastern orthodox (greek)

protestant reformation

belives in authority of the bible, no preisthood and only two sacrements

martin luther

Horrified by Rome's corruption and worldliness, nails his 95 theses to the church doors in 1517 - gets excommunicated by the pope

anglican curch (churhc of england)

Henry the 8th wanted a divorce - the pope wouldn't let him, so he split from the RCC and became the new head of the church - Queen Elizabeth adopted protestant principles

the virgin of gudalupe

catholtic jean diego sees a girl claiming to be the Virgin Mary at an Aztec ruin, and a church is built for her - the holiest site for catholics

pentecostalism

emphasized experience over ritual and baptism - spoke in tongues, used music and visions

fundamentalism

A pamphlet called the fundamentals was produced that contained opposition to modern science and believed the bible is inerrant and literally true - no academic interpretation - rejected cathloics mormons and many others

scopes trial

Fundamentalists opposed the teaching of evolution in schools and believed it went against the bible - a teacher was brought to court for violating laws in place that prohibited these teachings of evolution

good friday

The day Jesus was crucified and died

vatican 2

moderate reform of the church - Pope John the 23rd wanted effort for unity of all Christians, greater involvement of lay people, academic study of the bible, and approved use of vernacular language instead of Latin

what are the key differances between christianity and judiasm

chistians belive jesus is the divine Messiah and Son of god, while Judaism views Jesus as a historical figure rather than a deity, holding that the messiah is yet to come