Quiz 3

What is the earliest form of large-scale incarceration in America called?

Penitentiary.

What was the purpose of the penitentiary system?

To punish individuals by isolating them so they could reflect, repent, and reform.

What system replaced corporal punishment with solitary confinement in silence?

Pennsylvania system.

What did the Auburn system allow inmates to do during the day?

Work silently together.

What age group is increasingly represented in the prison population?

Middle-aged and older inmates.

What percentage of individuals in state prisons are convicted of violent offenses as of the past decade?

62%.

How has juvenile incarceration in adult prisons changed?

There has been a sustained drop in juvenile incarcerations.

In federal prison, what percentage of individuals are charged with drug and public order offenses?

90%.

What are three additional drivers of mass incarceration?

Jail admission data, pretrial jail population, and sentenced jail population.

What are the benefits of educational programming in prisons?

Lowers rates of rearrest, increases chances of employment, and improves social climate.

What challenges do correctional educators face?

Delivering effective instruction and low priority in budgeting.

What is the purpose of vocational training in prisons?

To acquire practical skills necessary for effective employment.

What benefits do vocational programs provide to inmates?

They reduce post-release problems and signal seriousness to employers.

What is required of incarcerated individuals in federal and state prisons if they are medically able?

They are required to work.

What is the main advantage of prison industries?

They provide a realistic work environment and job skills.

What is the trade name of federal prison industries?

UNICOR.

What does the PIECP program allow regarding goods produced by incarcerated persons?

Interstate and foreign sale.

What is a key feature of state prison systems?

A central authority based in the state capital.

How much of state corrections funding goes toward prisons?

9 out of every 10 dollars.

What act authorized the establishment of three federal penitentiaries?

Three Prisons Act of 1891.

What is the average cost to confine one person in a federal prison?

$39,158.

What significant trend began in 1984 regarding prisons in America?

The trend toward privatization of prisons.

Which states hold a significant percentage of the private prison population?

Florida, Texas, Arizona, Tennessee, and Ohio.

What is the main issue surrounding private prisons?

The belief that administering punishment is a government responsibility.

What type of individuals do minimum-security institutions confine?

The least dangerous people.

What defines a medium-security prison?

It has fewer controls on individuals' freedom of movement than maximum-security facilities.

What characterizes a maximum-security prison?

Confinement of dangerous individuals with strict controls and a secure perimeter.

What is a supermax prison designed to do?

House problem prisoners exhibiting violent or serious disruptive behavior.

What does the term 'contraband' refer to in correctional institutions?

Items that threaten the safety and security of the prison.

How has COVID-19 influenced the use of videoconferencing in prisons?

It increased the use for visitations and legal hearings.

What is Artificial Intelligence's role in correctional institutions?

To assist staff in making data-driven decisions and monitoring various factors.

What term refers to the high number of prisoners, typically used to describe overcrowded prison situations?

Gladiator school.

How much is spent on corrections annually in America?

$74 billion.

What did the term 'profit prisons' imply?

Prisons operated for profit often have fewer guards and less experienced staff.

What was the effect of the war on drugs on the incarceration of minorities?

It was seen as a war on minorities.

What does the three-strikes law entail?

It mandates severe penalties for individuals convicted of multiple felony offenses.