Music Test 3

medieval period

1100s-1400s

renaissance period

1400s-1600

baroque period

1600-1750

classical period

1750-1820/1827/1830

romantic period

1820-1910

20th century period

1901/1910-2000

plainchant

aka plainsong, monophonic vocal music typically sung in Latin and acappella, liturgical music

gregorian chant

sacred church music and type of plainchant, sung in latin, based in roman catholic church

sacred music, holy music

music created and performed for liturgy, worship, inspired by one’s religious beliefs

secular music

any music not composed for religious purposes

baroque origin

italy

baroque composers

handel, bach, vivaldi

baroque instruments

violin, harpsichord, organ

baroqe genres

opera, concerto, sonata, cantata, oratorio, fugue

baroqe dances

gavotte, minuet, gigue, bourree

baroque characteristics

instrument oriented, string quartet, small ensemble, complex

classical composers

haydn, mozart, beethoven

classical instruments

violin, piano (early fortepiano)

classical genres

string quartet, symphony, concerto, sonata, opera

classical characteristics

simpler, clarity, stricter, large concert halls, orchestra standard, music notation

romantic composers

tchaikovsky, brahms, mendelssohn

romantic genres

tone poem, rhapsody, ballet, nocturnes, waltz, program music

romantic characteristics

expressive, emotional, dynamic contrasts, rejection of strict, nationalism, orchestras increase

20th century composers

debussy, shostakovich, holst, prokofiev

20th instrumentd

electronic; synthesizer, theremin

20th genres

impressionism, less detail more idea, minimalism, bare minimum in harmony

20th characteristics

abandon trad tonality, polytonality two or more keys, unconventional rhythms, break away from trad formats

blues period

1860s-1890

blues origin

mississippi delta

blues influenced by

black spirituals

blues instruments

guitar, vocals, harmonica, piano, double bass, drums

blues genres

delta, chicago, gospel

blues characteristics

call and response, 12 bar harmonies, pentatonic scales, blues scale, syncopated, AAB lyrical

blues artists

R Johnson, Blind Lemon, Bessie Smith, Mamie Smith, William Christopher Handy

wc handy

composer and musician, “Father” of the blues, pioneered with Perry Bradford

perry bradford wrote this and was performed by Mamie smith

Crazy Blues, considered first blues record

jazz era

1918-1929

jazz origin

new orleans, louisiana

jazz composers

Duke ellington, L Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, Buddy Bolden

jazz instruments

trumpet, saxophone, clarinet, piano, voice, drumes, double bass

jazz genre

modal, free, swing, bebop, hard bop

jazz dances

charleston, lindy hop, jitterbug, swing dancing , cakewalk

jazz characteristics

improv, blend african latin european styles, syncopation and complexity

jazz developed from

new orleans style of ragtime music, jass

Buddy bolden is considered

one of the earliest jazz musicians

jazz made its way to

chicago, NY, kansas

jazz largely affected by

the radio

for blues, money was in

publishing and performing

a general shift toward simpler homophonic writing away from polyphony in comp was a ft of what era

classical era

pianoforte was a

key solo instrument in classical era

atonality

abandon of key, 20th century

1960s became known, King of the Delta Blues, was unknown during lifetime

robert johnson

blues records that dominated harlem hit parade of the 1930s led by

count basie orchestra

softer quieter vocals in blues due to

recording tech and radio

blues form in typically

12 bar form

five note scale is

pentatonic

first blues radio program broadcasted from helena arkansas

king biscuit time

father of delta blues

charlie patton

electronic blues evoluton developed in

chicago

what song verified blues as a form of pop music

crazy blues

blues commercialized by

wc handy, perry bradford by way of publishing

claude debussy considered to be

impressionist composer

tone poem

music attempting to evoke imagery

fugue

complex counterpoint/polyphonic writing, baroque era

feature of romantic era

greater emotional expressivity

impressionistic music denotes

music focuses on less detail and exact statements of meoldy

father of the strong quartet/symphony

joseph hadyn

handel is what

baroque composer

common influence of romantic era was

nationalism and folk music

year piano invented

1700