Volcanoes - Chapter 7 Lecture Notes

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the definitions, types, products, and effects of volcanoes based on the Chapter 7 lecture notes.

Volcano

A vent in the earth's crust from which fiery hot magma erupts from the earth's interior.

Endogenic forces

Forces relating to or arising from the interior of the earth, categorized into diastrophic and sudden movements.

Plate Tectonics

The theory that explains the movements of plates of the lithosphere and the resultant landforms.

Magma Chamber

A huge reservoir or chamber of molten material created under the earth's crust where fresh magma continues to pour.

Volcanic Vent

The conduit or opening, usually shaped like a circular pipe, that joins the magma chamber to the earth's surface and through which lava flows.

Magma

The molten rock material while it is still inside the earth.

Lava

Molten rock material that reaches the surface of the earth.

Pyroclasts

Solid rock fragments erupted by a volcano that originate from the earth's crust rather than the magma chamber.

Lapilli

Small stone-sized solid particles ejected during a volcanic eruption.

Volcanic Cone

A landform created by the accumulation, cooling, and solidification of hot fluid material around the vent.

Active Volcanoes

Volcanoes presently in an active state that have erupted in the recent past, with approximately $500$ known examples such as Mt. Etna.

Dormant Volcanoes

Known as 'sleeping volcanoes,' these have not erupted in the recent historical period but may become active at any time, such as Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Extinct Volcanoes

Volcanoes that have not erupted in the present geological period and are not likely to become active again, such as Mt. Aconcagua.

Extrusive Landforms

Landforms created on the earth's surface due to the cooling and solidification of magma, including plateaus, mountains, and plains.

Caldera

A large depression formed at the summit of a volcano when the magma chamber is no longer able to emit material, leading to the collapse of the cone.

Hot Springs

Also known as Thermal Springs, these are gushes of water and steam containing dissolved minerals created when magma heats underground water.

Geyser

A fountain of hot water and steam that escapes when underground water comes into contact with hot volcanic rocks, such as 'Old Faithful' in Yellowstone National Park.

Pacific Ring of Fire

The Circum Pacific Belt where over $80\%$ of the total number of active volcanoes are concentrated.

Mid-world Mountain Belt

A volcanic zone including Mt. Vesuvius, Mt. Etna, and the only active volcano in India located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.