Final Exam 1-Anatomy

Which of the following types of bonds between atoms results from sharing electrons

Covalent

Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the relationship between an atom and an element

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element.

A crazy professor has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located within the nucleus.  What has she collected

Protons and Neutrons

Which if the following is true regarding water

Each molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen covalently bonded

Define pH

Greater the concentration of hydrogen, the more acidic the solution, the lower the pH

Greater the concentration of hydroxyl (OH-), the more basic the solution, higher the pH

Neutralization- occurs when acid and base are mixed together.

A buffer solution resists significant changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base

True

Phospholipids are important in the structure of:

cell membrane

The main fuel used in the metabolic pathways of the body is

Glucose

Which of the following is NOT a function of a protein

Stores Genetic Material

Hemoglobin is example of which protein structure?

Quaternary

Which of the following nitrogen-containing bases is found in DNA but not in RNA

Thymine

Which of the following structures is characteristic of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Cell membrane

The organelle that is Power house of the cell and cellular respiration

Mitochondria

For packaging and modification

Golgi

For break down of cellular material

lysosome

Protein synthesis

Ribosome

Stores genetic material of the cell

Nucleus

Which of the following organelles is responsible for the production of cellular energy

Mitochondrion

Which of the following forms of transport across a membrane is passive

Diffusion

A student is designing an experiment to show the effects of the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. She places a highly concentrated saltwater solution into a bag that is permeable only to water.  She then submerges the bag into a beaker of pure water. Which of the following can be expected

The net flow of water will be from the beaker to the bag, causing the contents of the bag to increase in volume

If you are using a 4x objective and the ocular lenses are 10x, what is the total magnification of the object you are viewing and what is the name of 4x objective?

40X, scanning

What is the following microscopic cell? Name the type of tissue. (Be specific)

Cheek cells, Stratified squamous epithelial tissue

On the microscopes that we used in our laboratory, what typically happens to the viewpoint when you view the letter “e” under 4x objective?

upside down and inverte

Groups of similar cells that share a common function are:

Tissues

______________________ tissue is the type of tissue that stores fat

Adipose

Skin is a type of which tissue?

Epithelial

Give the complete name of the tissue shown below, what is the function and provide an example of where is this tissue found.

Simple squamous tissue which is found in the air sacs, and blood vessels of lungs. This tissue is used to secrete gases and absorb nutrients. 

Give the complete name of the tissue shown below, what is the function and where is this tissue found.

Stratified squamous, outer layer of skin and mouth

Give the complete name of the tissue shown below, what is the function and where is this tissue found.

Simple columnar, GI

Which one of the following types of junctions in an epithelium allows the tissue to stretch and bend, as in the epithelium of the skin

Adhesion junction

The plane that divides teh body into left and right sections

Midsagittal

Located below another structure

Inferior

Farther away from a point of reference

Distal

Cartilage is generally avascular (lacks blood vessels) and aneural (lacks nerves

True

Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback system

Amplification of the original charge

The central nervous system is composed of which of the following

brain and spinal

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the _____ division of the nervous system

autonomic

What cell type in the CNS protects neurons from metabolic overactivity

astrocyte

Which of the following supporting cells (also known as glia) produce the protein myelin

Oligodendrocytes and Schawnn cells

During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron

Repolarization

Which part of the neuron contains the organelles and nucleus

cell body

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential.

resting

During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels open and potassium channels closes, releasing sodium ions inside the cell?

depolarization

potassium channels within the membrane are open

C

voltage threshold for membrane

A

the membrane has repolarized

D

the membrane is depolarized

B

Which of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron

Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential

Which of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential?

Sodium-potassium pump

The arrival of an action potential at an axon terminal ultimately result in the release of Neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft

True

Given a particular neuron, an action potential either occurs or does not occur, depending on the strength of the stimulus; therefore, the action potential is described as all or none.

True

Because the central nervous system is so important to the proper functioning of the body, the brain is protected by the skull and the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae.

True

Axon branch into axon terminals, which have _____located at the terminal ends.

bulbs

The brainstem comprises the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, forming a crucial link between the brain and the body

True

The occipital lobe processes what your eyes see

True

Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?

Upper part of the nasal passages

Which one of the following parts of the eye is continuous with the cornea and forms the outer surface of the back of the eye?

Sclera

The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the

Cornea

The “blind spot” is associated with which one of the following

optic disk

Color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of

cones

As humans age, their ability to focus on nearby objects deteriorates. This is the result of

Stiffening of the lens and loss of accommodation capability

Different-pitched (high- or low-toned) sounds are discriminated by the

hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea

The malleus and incus function to

amplify sound

What are the key components of the organ of Corti?

Hair cells and Tectorial membrane