Histology and Anatomical Structures Lecture Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering histology of the muscular, lymphatic, nervous, cardiovascular, and digestive systems based on lecture slides.

Muscle spindle

A sensory structure within skeletal muscle containing intrafusal muscle fibres and surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.

Motor end plate

The specialized junction where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber.

Thymus

A lymphoid organ characterized by a capsule, septa (connective tissue), and a distinct cortex and medulla.

Hassall's corpuscles

Characteristic structures found within the medulla of the thymus.

Red pulp

A region of the spleen involved in filtering blood, distinct from the white pulp.

White pulp

The lymphoid tissue of the spleen, often associated with a central artery.

Peyer's patches

Aggregated lymphoid nodules found in the ileum.

Multipolar neuron

A type of neuron possessing multiple dendrites, a single axon, and a cell body containing Nissl bodies and a nucleolus.

Nissl bodies

Granular structures found in the cytoplasm of neurons (also referred to as Nissel's granules).

Axon hillock

The specialized part of the nerve cell body (or soma) that connects to the axon.

Ependymal cell

Cells that line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Microglial cell

Specialized immune cells located in the central nervous system.

Dorsal root ganglion

A cluster of unipolar neurons located on the posterior root of a spinal nerve, surrounded by an arachnoid sheath.

Satellite cells

Cells that surround the ganglion cells in autonomic ganglia.

Lipofuscin granules

Pigment granules found within the cells of autonomic ganglia.

Pacinian corpuscle

A type of mechanoreceptor specialized for sensing pressure and vibration.

Neuropil

The dense network of interwoven nerve fibers and their branches and synapses, together with glial filaments.

Cerebral Cortex Layer V

The internal pyramidal layer containing large pyramidal cells.

Purkinje cell

A large, specialized neuron found in the cerebellum, located between the molecular layer and the granule cell layer.

Myocardium

The muscular tissue of the heart, located between the endothelium and the pericardial cavity.

Purkinje fibres (Heart)

Specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical impulses for heart contraction.

Tunica media

The middle layer of an artery or vein, primarily composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

Tunica adventitia

The outermost layer of a blood vessel, containing connective tissue and vasa vasorum.

Vasa vasorum

Small blood vessels that supply the walls of larger blood vessels, such as the medium-sized vein.

Filiform papillae

Small, cone-shaped projections on the tongue that do not contain taste buds.

Fungiform papillae

Mushroom-shaped projections on the tongue that may contain taste buds.

Circumvallate papilla

Large papillae on the tongue surrounded by a furrow, containing taste buds and associated with serous (von Ebner) glands.

Von Ebner glands

Serous glands that secrete into the furrow of circumvallate papillae.

Parietal cell

Specialized cells in the gastric glands of the stomach body that secrete gastric acid.

Chief cell

Cells in the stomach body glands that secrete digestive enzymes.

Hepatic sinusoids

Specialized capillaries located between the plates of hepatic cells in the liver.

Pancreatic islet

The endocrine region of the pancreas, surrounded by exocrine secretory acini.

Centroacinar cells

Spindle-shaped cells that form the beginning of the intercalated duct in the exocrine pancreas.

Rumen

The first compartment of the ruminant stomach, characterized by ruminal papillae and stratified squamous epithelium.

Omasum

The third compartment of the ruminant stomach, appearing after the reticulum.

Intestinal crypt

Glandular structures found in the mucosa of the small intestine (jejunum).