Chemistry- structure of the periodic table and periodic trends

Metals

elements containing atoms that lose elecectrions to form positive ions

Nonmetals

elements containing atoms that readily steak ekectrons to form negative ions

Metalloids

in between metals and nonmetals

Semi-conductor

between conductor and insulator

Malleability

ability to deform under stress

Ductility

physical property to permitally strech or bend

Luster

the way light interacts witha surface

Alkali metals

never round in a pure form in nature

Alkaline earth metals

less reactive then alkali metals, not found in apure form in nature

Noble gases

unreactive, colorless, odorless monatomic gases

Halogens

most reactive of nonmetals

Transition metals

classic metallic properties, highly conductive for heat and electricity

Inner transition metals

f-block, lanthanides, acitinides

Main group elements

s-block, p-block

Lanthanides

silvery white metals that tarnish when exposed to air, highly reactive, found in lasers and high strength magnets

Actinides

radioactive, mostly man-made

Sheilding electrons

weakens the hold of the nucleus on valence electrons

Effective Nuclear Charge (Z eff)

the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom

Atomic radius

½ the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

Ionization Energy

the energy required to remove an electrom from a neutral atom

Electronegativity

ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compund

Ionic Radius

size changes are driven by changed in electron- electron repulsions and effective nuclear pull

Cation

positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more valence electrons

Anion

negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons to complete it calence shell