chicken final

this measure is an assessment of the occurrence of specific behaviors like a bird scratching the ground

behavioral measure

this measure is an assessment which can be measured by observing visuals in environment like clean litter

applied measure

this measure is a direct measure of physiology impacted by welfare like corticosterone hormone

technical measures

there are five accurate welfare principles

1. must be objective 2. variables measure must be related to a species welfare 3. human presence accounted for 4. sampling unit always visible 5. no bias

what is an ethogram

dictionary with all the specific behaviors of each animal species

why would you use an ethogram

describe behavior and to not misinterpret a report

what is a negative stereotypical behavior

repetitive behavior like pacing out of boredom trying to express natural behavior in the wild

what is a negative misdirected behavior

normal actions but on wrong target like horse chewing a fence

what is a negative social behavior

aggression towards other beings like two beta fish in one tank

what is a negative anxiety behavior

increased weird behavior like constant yawning

how many chickens do we need per week

20-22 million

(25 million eggs, 1 mil per week, 25 major hatcheries)

what makes poultry birds so suitable for agriculture

born from eggs, easy waste management, many offspring, embryos can be stores, transported, incubated

why is the egg an advantage to the chick

has all materials to protect and develop the chick

what does the chick need other than the yolk

air (o2 and moisture) and energy (heat, movement)

air+heat+moisture+movement= chick

how long have we used artificial incubation

over 2000 years- from ancient Egypt

the eggs need three different temperatures- prior laying, first 18 days in incubator and 19-21 days at hatching what are the temps

105-107, 99.5, 98-99

how to chicks breathe in the shell

shell has pores to let o2 in and co2 out and water vapor out

how much humidity is needed for the egg and why

50-60% bc water has to evaporate from the egg or the chick will drown

why are eggs places pointy end down when turning

so the air cell is up for air exchange

• turned 45 degrees every 1-3 hours

when are eggs incubated in the setter

through day 19

when do eggs go to hatcher

at 1% pip

when are eggs taken from incubator trays to hatching trays

19 day

on the 19 day the chicks are vaccinated before hatching by what machine

embrex

what are the 3 hatching positions

horizontal, temp at 98.5-99, 65% humidity

how many cells does the egg have at laying

30,000

at what day does the chick turn its head to the big end

14

in the first day five things develop what are they

4hrs: heart and blood vessels

12hrs: heat beat

21hrs: nervous system

22hrs: head

24hrs: eyes

what is candling

hovering egg over light to see inside

on the third day what is established fully

heart and circulation

on the 6 day what is formed

eye noticeable and brain and nervous system forms

what is formed on the 8 day

limb development

what is formed on the 12 day

feather tracks

what is formed on 18 day

yolk ate and calcification of bone

at 20-21 days what things happen

yolk sac absorbed, just embryo and air cell, pipping, lungs functional, PULMONARY RESPIRATION BEGINS

when do chicks start pipping

21-22 day- hatch on 23

why is the health of birds important

profit depends on them

there are 8 different ways that birds get sick name the main two and any others

direct contant with people and vector born

• consumption of products, cross contamination, vertical transmission(mom to child), fecal, water/food/fomite, respiratory

what is morbidity and mortality

morbidity: sick birds, mortality: dead birds

consequences of morbidity

reduced performance(growth and feed efficiency), medication cost, birds die enroute, plant downgrades in quality

3 causes of disease

poor ventilation, temperature, stress

4 signs of a healthy flock

normal feed and water consumption, normal droppings, normal sounds and behavior, normal production

which is a healthy dropping

first one- white(urine) and brown

best vet advice when owning chickens

sit and listen to them

what could a shell less egg mean

ai, newcastle disease, bronchitis, egg drop

what could wrinkly egg mean

infectious bronchitis

other signs of disease

head shaking, shrunken discolored comb, sores, droopy, tremors, eye nose discharge

what are the four pathogens for disease

viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi

what is the difference of endoparasites and ectoparasites and an example

endo: in, protozoan, worms

ecto: out, mites and lice- spread disease

description of a bacteria

single celled, living, reproduce on own, antibiotic treatment

description of virus

dna and rna, nonliving, host for repro, antibiotics will not work, small

what is the major spread of ai

waterfowl- migration birds