Fisher Sem 2 final

Imperialism

A policy where stronger nations extend their power over weaker territories through military, economic, or political control.

Benefits of Imperialism for the U.S.

Gained new markets, military bases, natural resources, and increased world power.

Reasons Americans Opposed Imperialism

It went against democratic ideals and risked foreign conflicts and racism toward conquered peoples.

Hawaii

U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 because of its sugar industry and strategic Pacific location.

Hawaii Main Export to U.S.

Sugar.

William McKinley

President who supported expansion and led the U.S. during the Spanish-American War.

Grover Cleveland

President who opposed annexing Hawaii at first.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Naval officer who believed strong naval power made countries powerful.

Cuba

Island nation that fought Spain for independence and became involved in the Spanish-American War.

USS Maine

U.S. battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, helping spark the Spanish-American War.

Panama Canal

Waterway built by the U.S. connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Rough Riders

Volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

Philippines

Territory taken from Spain after the Spanish-American War.

Theodore Roosevelt

President known for the "Big Stick" foreign policy and Panama Canal construction.

Jose Marti

Cuban revolutionary leader who fought for Cuban independence from Spain.

Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated news reporting used to increase newspaper sales and support war.

General Weyler

Spanish general criticized for harsh treatment of Cubans.

John Hay

U.S. Secretary of State who created the Open Door Policy.

Why the U.S. Supported Cuba

Theodore Roosevelt supported Cuba's independence from Spain for economic and political reasons.

Why Some Americans Did Not Support Cuba

They feared war, expense, and involvement in foreign affairs.

Platt Amendment

Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and maintain influence over Cuba.

Open Door Policy

U.S. policy promoting equal trade opportunities in China.

Triple Entente

Britain, France, and Russia

Nationalism

Pride and loyalty toward one's country.

Militarism

Building up armed forces and preparing for war.

Alliance System

Agreements between countries to support each other in war.

Rationing

Limiting goods during wartime so resources could support soldiers.

How did the U.S use propaganda

They used posters, newspapers, advertisements to encourage support for the war, promote patriotism, recruit soldiers, sell war bonds, and turn public opinion against Germany.

Red Scare

Fear of communism spreading in the United States after WWI.

Karl Mars

developed communism and believed society should have no social classes and that workers should own businesses and resources equally.

Charles Lindbergh

First person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

Why did banks close (FDIC)

banks closed because people rushed to withdraw money, and the FDIC was later created to protect bank deposits and restore trust in banks

Amillio Aguinaldo

Filipino leader who fought for independence from Spain and later against U.S. control during the Philippine-American War.

Treaty of Paris 1898

Agreement that ended the Spanish-American War; Spain gave Cuba independence and ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.

Where does Bosnia lie

The Balkans Peninsula in southeastern Europe.

#35 on test

beatles

Zimmerman Note

Germany to Mexico to convince Mexico to go to war with the U.S.

Buying on Margin

Purchasing stocks with borrowed money.

What happened to the farms

low crop prices, debt, droughts, and Dust Bowl destroyed farmland and forced many families to leave their homes

Three R's of the New Deal

Relief, Recovery, and Reform.

New Deal

Roosevelt helped the U.S. recover from the Great Depression. (gave people jobs, helped banks recover, supported farmers, provided relief for the poor, and reformed the economy to prevent another depression.)

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union, defeat Germany, spread communism in Eastern Europe after the war.

Franco

Dictator of Spain who ruled after the Spanish Civil War and stayed neutral

Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy who allied with Hitler

Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain who led Britain against Germany

Harry Truman

U.S. president, approved atomic bombs on Japan and helped begin Cold War policies.

Dwight Eisenhower

U.S. General, Supreme Allied Commander, led D-Day and later became U.S. president.

What brings Britain and France into war

NOV 1st 1939, invasion of Poland

NonAggression Pact

agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union where both countries agreed not to attack each other before WWII.

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a group of people.

Battle of Britain

Air battle in 1940 where Great Britain successfully defended itself against German air attacks

Reason U.S. Entered WWII

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Nisei

Second-generation Japanese Americans.

Executive Order 9166

Order allowing Japanese American internment camps during WWII.

Manhattan Project

Secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb.

Who Decided to Drop the Atomic Bomb

President Harry Truman.

Big Three

Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt/Truman, leaders of Allied powers.

biggest decision in Yalta Conference

divide Germany into four zones after World War II

Main Areas of Cold War Conflict

Europe, Korea, Vietnam, and Cuba

Truman Doctrine

policy stating that America would provide military and economic aid to countries threatened by communism to help stop its spread.

Iron Curtain

division between communist Eastern Europe and democratic Western Europe.

Berlin Wall

Barrier separating East and West Berlin from 1961-1989.

Berlin Airlift

U.S. and allies flew supplies into West Berlin after Soviet blockade.

Blacklisting

Denying jobs to people suspected of communist ties.

Eisenhower Doctrine

U.S. policy promising help to Middle Eastern countries resisting communism.

Truman Doctrine

Policy of containing communism by supporting free nations.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. policy warning Europe not to interfere in America

Marshall Plan

U.S. economic aid to rebuild Europe after WWII.

Most Americans Owned During the 1950s

Cars, televisions, and household appliances.

Why Cars Were Easy to Buy

Credit plans and rising incomes made cars affordable.

Blue collar

manual labor jobs. (poor)

White collar

professional or office jobs.

Beat Movement

Literary and cultural movement rejecting strict social rules, and traditional society

Planned Obsolescence

Designing products to wear out so consumers buy new ones. (going outdated)

Why Credit Cards Were Invented

spending easier and boost economic growth, helping the U.S. promote a strong capitalist consumer economy in contrast to communist systems.

John F. Kennedy

President during the early 1960s and Cold War.

Kennedy V.S Nixon debate

the first televised presidential debate

Kennedy's Main Goal

Stopping the spread of communism.

Flexible Response Policy

Kennedy's policy of using different military responses instead of only nuclear weapons.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed U.S.-backed invasion of Cuba in 1961.

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court case ending school segregation.

Little Rock Nine

Nine Black students who joined a white High School in Arkansas.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Law banning segregation and discrimination.

De Facto Segregation

Segregation by custom or circumstance.

De Jure Segregation

Segregation enforced by law.

Black Panthers

fought police brutality, supported self-defense for Black communities, and created social programs like free breakfast for children and health clinics.

Malcolm X

civil rights leader, promoted Black empowerment, self-defense, and racial pride,

Stokely Carmichael

a civil rights activist who helped lead the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

What Emmett Till Said to a White Woman

He was accused of whistling at her.

Worst Rioting in the 1960s

Detroit Riots of 1967. (MLK death)

Bus Boycott

Protest against segregated buses in Montgomery, Alabama.

Sit Ins

Greensboro sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina, where four Black college students sat at a segregated lunch counter and refused to leave when they were denied service

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case establishing "separate but equal."

MLK's Organization

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

U.S. Goal in Vietnam

Prevent the spread of communism.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Gave President Johnson authority to expand U.S. military action in Vietnam.

1968

Important year marked by the Tet Offensive and rising antiwar protests.

Americans Killed in Vietnam

58k

Leader of North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh.

Leader of South Vietnam

Ngo Dinh Diem