Chapter 21

Tendons

Connect muscles to bones.

Skeletal Muscles

Voluntary muscles that control body movements by contracting and relaxing.

Flexion

The act of bending or condition of being bent; makes the angle smaller.

Extension

Increases the angle between parts of the body at a joint.

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body.

Smooth Muscles

Involuntary muscles that are controlled automatically and make up the walls of organs.

Cardiac Muscles

Involuntary muscles found only in the heart, contracting 60-100 times a minute.

Long Bones

Rigid connective tissues that make up the skeleton, such as the humerus and femur.

Short Bones

Bones such as carpals and tarsals that are shorter in length.

Flat Bones

Bones including the sternum, scapula, and cranial bones that are thinner and flatter.

Irregular Bones

Bones, such as vertebrae, that have complex shapes.

Joints

Found where two bones come together, providing movement and flexibility.

Immovable Joints

Joints that cannot move, like the sutures in the skull.

Muscular Dystrophy

A hereditary, progressive disease causing muscle atrophy and various disabilities.

Pressure Ulcer

Injury to the skin and underlying tissue from prolonged pressure, categorized into stages.

Osteoporosis

Condition where bones lose density, becoming brittle and more prone to fractures.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease characterized by the erosion of the cartilage between bones.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A crippling form of arthritis that affects the synovial membrane of joints.

Fibromyalgia

A disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances with no known cause.

Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursae surrounding joints, causing pain and swelling.

Total Hip Replacement

Surgical replacement of the head of the femur and socket, with mobility restrictions post-surgery.

Full Weight-Bearing

Resident can bear full weight on both legs.

Partial Weight-Bearing

Resident can support some body weight on one or both legs.

None-Weight Bearing

Resident is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight.