ab psych exploring developmental disorders finals

special needs

in the united states this is a term used in clinical diagnostic an functional development to describe individuals who require assistance for disabilities that may be d=medical, mental or psychological

types of special needs

• autisim, down syndrome, dyslexia, blindness, adhd, may be considered to have special needs. however special needs can also include cleft lips or palates or missing limbs.

persons with disabilities (PWD)

are people with disabilities. this includes those who have long term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairment which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others in dealing with these people.

disability

a condition that damages or limits a person’s physical or mental abilities and unable to do things in the normal way.

category of the disabilities

• visual impairment

• hearing impairment

• unseen disability

• dyslexia

• asperger’s syndrome/ autism

• mental illness

• mobility

republic act no. 7277

an act providing for the rehabilitation, self development and self reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes

sec. 2 of chapter 2; access to quality education

declares that the state shall ensure that disabled persons are provided with access to quality education and ample opportunities to develop their skills. it shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all disabled persons

section 14 of chapter 2

states that the state shall establish, maintain and support complete, adequate and integrated system of special education for the visually impaired, hearing impaired, mentally retarded person and other types of exceptional children in all regions of the country

services:

• academic consultation

• social skills training

• self enhancement skills

• classroom management training

• parent training services

• student management team

in DSM-4 its called Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence, what’s it called in DSM-5

neurodevelopmental disorders

intellectual disability

a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains

symptoms of intellectual disability

their behavior. Children with intellectual disability may learn to sit, crawl, or walk later than other children or they may learn to talk later. delays in oral language development and deficits in memory skills.

• difficulty learning social skills

• difficulty in problem solving skills

• delays in development of adaptive behaviors such as self help or self care skills

• lack of social inhibitors

types of communication disorder

• stuttering

• expressive language disorders

• selective mutism

• tic disorders

stuttering

disturbance in speech fluency or repeating words, prolonging sounds, extended pauses

expressive language disorders

limited speech in all situations (self correcting)

selective mutism

failure to speak in secific situation (contingency management)

tic disorders

involuntary motor movements, such as physical twitches or vocalizations

autism spectrum disorder

characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.

autistic savantism

unique form of autism where a child can display outstanding skills in music, art, and numbers with no practice.

treatment for autism

there is no single treatment and treatment is typically tailored to the child’s needs.

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairing level of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. in childhood it frequently overlaps with disorders that are often considered to be “externalizing disorders” such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. it often persists in adulthood with resultant impairements of social, academic, and occupational functioning

symptoms of adhd

often have difficulties with social skills. difficulty managing anger are common in children with this as are poor handwriting and delays in speech, language, and motor development.

motor disorders

includes developmental coordination disorder (clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills), stereotypic movement disorder (repetitive, and apparently purposeless behavior — hand flapping, body rocking, head banging, self biting or hitting), and tic disorder.

symptoms of motor disorders

• physical impairments

• problem with memory

• difficulty moderating the amount of sensory information that their body is constantly sending them

• can cause an individual to be clumsy to the point of knocking things over and bumping into people accidentally

• difficulties making speech sounds

treatment for motor disorders

• occupational therapy

• psychomotor therapy

• physiotherapy

• speech therapy

• psychological training

specific learning disorder

diagnosed when there are specific deficits in an individual’s ability to perceive or process information efficiently and accurately. it first manifests during the years of formal schooling and is characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, or math

dyslexia

impairment in reading. an alternative term used to refer to a pattern of learning difficulties characterized by problems with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling abilities.

dyscalculia

impairment in mathematics. refer to a pattern of difficulties characterixed by problems processing numerical information, learning arithmetic facts and performing accurate or fluent calculations

treatment for specific learning disorders

• mastery model

• direct instruction

• classroom adjustment

• special equipment

• classroom assistant

• specia education