Animal Biology Review

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding animal biology, including classifications, anatomy, behavior, and evolutionary adaptations.

Are invertebrates monophyletic?

No, they are paraphyletic.

Are animals monophyletic?

Yes, they are considered monophyletic.

What is the major shared feature of Ecdysozoa?

All have three layered exoskeleton.

What is the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

In protostomes, the blastopore becomes the mouth; in deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus.

What is a hydrostatic skeleton?

Examples include annelids (segmented worms) and cnidarians (jellyfish).

Which animal group exhibits an exoskeleton?

Arthropods (like insects, spiders, and crustaceans).

What does 'triploblasts' mean?

Triploblasts possess a mesoderm which forms complex muscles, organs, and organ systems.

What is a coelom?

A coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity located between the intestinal canal and the outer body wall.

What is the difference between hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects?

Holometabolous undergo complete metamorphosis; hemimetabolous undergo incomplete metamorphosis.

What group of arthropods exhibits extensive paternal care?

Giant water bugs.

What does facultatively sexual mean?

An organism has the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually, depending on environmental conditions.

How do sponges feed?

By pumping water through their porous bodies to capture tiny food particles.

What is the simplest of the five major animal groups?

Porifera, commonly known as sponges.

Which bilaterian group shows pentaradial symmetry in the adult stage?

Echinodermata.

How do Monotremes and Marsupials differ from Eutherians?

Monotremes lay eggs; marsupials give birth to premature young, while eutherians carry young internally.

What is the significance of the amniotic egg?

It allowed for reproduction on land by providing a protected environment for the embryo.

What is meant by INTERsexual selection?

Females choose mates based on specific traits.

What is meant by INTRAsexual selection?

Males compete for access to mates, often through physical combat or territory defense.

What is senescence?

Physiological decline and decrease in reproductive rates with age.

What is antagonistic pleiotropy?

When an allele has beneficial effects on fitness early in life but detrimental effects later.