Augustus’ Mausoleum

Context:

• What? - Large tomb to hold Augustus’ remains and those of the imperial family

• When? - Work began 28 BC, completed 23 BC.

• Where? - Campus Marius Rome, close to river Tiber.

Campus Maritus:

• Field of Mars.

• An area outside of the city walls.

• Burial not allows within city walls.

• An area previously under-developed and became major focus for Augustan building schemes.

• Location of the pantheon, Ara pacis and a monumental horologium.

Structure:

• Circular structure.

• 42 meters high.

• Supported an earth mound.

• A bronze statue of Augustus at the top, that was probably visible from some distance.

• Spaces for multiple burials - marked by individual epitaphs.

• In park like setting and close to other important Augustan buildings.

• Term Mausoleum derived from the name Mausolus (377-353 BC) who was commemorated by a large tomb at Harlicarnassus. The tomb of Mausolus was one of seven wonders of ancient world.

Purpose:

• Large and visible statement with substantial impact on cityscape.

• Larger than other tomb structures in Rome.

• Conveyed power, authority and wealth.

• Symbolised the young Octavian’s commitment to Rome and Rome’s importance as centre of the empire.

• Differentiated Augustus from Antony - planned to be buried in Alexandria.

• Claim to familial continuity and dynastic stability.

• Part of plan to develop campus maritus and aggrandise Rome.

Death of Augustus:

• Died AD 14 at Nola (Italy) decades after Mausoleum was built.

• The corpse was brought back to Rome, cremated and the remains interred inside the mausoleum.

• Two bronze pillars were set up outside and inscribed with res Gestae.

Themes:

• Power - strong, committed leader.

• Family - dynasty building.

• Peace - symbol of stability and continuity.