Computer Science Class XI Review Flashcards

Practice flashcards for Computer Science Class XI, covering the history of computing, number systems, Boolean algebra, computer architecture, e-waste, and C++ fundamentals based on the SCERT Kerala curriculum.

What was the base or radix of the Egyptian number system that emerged around 3000 BC?

$$10$$

The Sumerian/Babylonian number system is known by what name because it used 60 as its base?

Sexagesimal system

Which civilization developed a number system with base $20$, derived from the sum of fingers and toes?

The Mayans

Who is credited with inventing a set of numbering rods in 1617 AD for multiplication, known as 'bones'?

John Napier

What was the name of the first modern scientific calculator developed by Blaise Pascal in 1642?

Pascaline

Which individual is titled 'Father of Computer' for inventing the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine?

Charles Babbage

Who is recognized as the first computer programmer in the world for writing instructions for the Analytical Engine?

Agusta Ada King (Ada Lovelace)

Which company originated from Herman Hollerith's Tabulating Machine Corporation in 1924?

International Business Machines (IBM)

What major technological hardware component characterized first-generation computers (1940-1956)?

Vacuum tubes

What are the three main components of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in the Von Neumann architecture?

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and Registers

Which law states that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years?

Moore's Law

What are the two most common programming languages used in Artificial Intelligence (AI) mentioned in the text?

LISP and Prolog

Who is regarded as the father of Modern Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence?

Alan M. Turing

What is the base or radix of the Hexadecimal number system?

$$16$$

What was developed to provide a unique number for every character across all languages and platforms?

Unicode

Name the three basic logical operators used in Boolean algebra.

OR, AND, and NOT

What logic gates are referred to as 'universal gates' because they can implement any Boolean function?

NAND and NOR

What are the two theorems proposed by Augustus De Morgan to simplify Boolean expressions?

(i) $\overline{X+Y} = \overline{X} . \overline{Y}$ and (ii) $\overline{X.Y} = \overline{X} + \overline{Y}$

Which CPU register holds the address of the next instruction to be executed?

Program Counter (PC)

What is the smallest unit of memory measuring units, represented by a binary digit?

$1$ Bit

What type of memory is used as a small, fast bridge between the processor and RAM to store frequently accessed data?

Cache memory

Which non-impact printer forms images by spraying tiny droplets of liquid ink from the print head?

Inkjet printer

What are the four main disposal methods for e-Waste mentioned in the textbook?

Reuse, Incineration, Recycling, and Landfilling

Which voluntary labeling program was conceived by the EPA in 1992 to promote energy efficiency in hardware?

Energy Star

What is the specific task of the compiler or interpreter as a language processor?

To translate programs written in high-level language into equivalent machine language.

What are the four freedoms defined by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for free and open-source software?

Freedom 0 (run for any purpose), Freedom 1 (study and adapt code), Freedom 2 (distribute copies), and Freedom 3 (improve and release to public).

What is the difference between a Syntax error and a Logical error?

Syntax errors occur when language rules are violated (detected during translation), while Logical errors occur due to improper planning and result in incorrect output during execution.

In C++, what are the fundamental building blocks of a program called?

Tokens

Which C++ operator is used to determine the amount of memory space in bytes allocated for an operand?

sizeof

What is the significance of the increment/decrement operator in 'prefix' form (e.g., ++x)?

It follows the 'change, then use' method, where the value is incremented/decremented first before being used in other operations.