Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance by opstemy

What is Intracellular fluid (ICF)?

fluid within cells

What is Extracellular fluid (ECF) and what are the two components of it?

fluid outside cells, interstitial fluid and plasma

The cell membrane separates what?

intercellular fluid from surrounding interstitial fluid

What divides interstitial fluid from blood plasma?

blood vessel walls

What are three ways we gain water and what are three ways we lose water?

Gain: ingested fluids, ingested foods, and metabolic water

Lose: Kidneys (Urine), Skin (sweat), Lungs (vapor), GI tract (feces)

What regulates the gain of water?

thirst center of hypothalamus

What regulates loss of water?

ADH-reabsorbs water, Angiotensin II and Aldosterone- reabsorbs Na and Cl, ANP-excretes Na and CL

What is the most common reason for change in osmolarity?

Na

An increase in osmolarity of interstitial fluid will cause cells to

shrink because what is being drawn out

A decrease in osmolarity of interstitial fluid will cause cells to

swell because it draws fluid in

Cations are

positive

Anions are

negative

Is sodium a cation or anion? where is it most abundant? what is it needed for?

Cation, ECF, needed for action potentials in muscle and nerve tissue

Chloride is a cation or anion? where is it most abundant?

Anion, ECF

Potassium is a cation or anion? Where is it most abundant?

Cation, ICF

Bicarbonate is a cation or anion? Where is it abundant? when does the concentration decrease?

Anion, ECF, when Co2 is exhaled

Calcium is a cation or anion? Where is it most abundant?

Cation, the body because of bones

Phosphate is a cation or anion? What does it act as?

Anion, an important buffer inside the cell

Magnesium is a cation or anion? Where is it found? What is it needed for?

Cation, in bone, for neuromuscular activity, cofactor for enzymes

Acidosis happens when the pH

falls below 7.35

Alkolosis happens when the pH

rises above 7.45

Respiratory compensation is

the use of the respiratory system to correct pH imbalance

Renal compensation is

the use of kidneys to secrete H+, or reabsorb HCo3 to correct pH imbalance

Respiratory Acidosis is a decrease of _____ and a increase in _____

pH, Co2

Respiratory Alkalosis is an increase in ___ and a decrease in ____

pH, Co2

Metabolic Alkalosis is a increase in ___ and a increase in ____

pH, HCo3

Metabolic Acidosis is a decrease in ____ and an decrease in ____

pH, HCo3

A decrease in pH will result in (respiratory)

a faster breathing rate

An increase in pH will result in (respiratory)

a slower breathing rate

What are the three types of buffer systems in acid-base balance?

Protein buffer system, carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system, and phosphate buffer system

Which buffer system works in both ICF and ECF?

Protein buffer system

Which buffer system act on the ECF only

Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

Which buffer system acts predominately on the ICF

Phosphate buffer system

More Co2 =

more acidic

Less Co2=

more basic

In the protein buffer system, it contains a COOH and -NH2. When pH rises what releases what? When the pH falls what does what

Rise: COOH releases H

Fall: NH2 binds to H