1. Dementia models and types

Flower of Psychological Needs

Comfort, Identity, Attachment, Inclusion, Occupation

MSP detractions (3) and PPW enhances for Comfort (3)

intimidations, withholding, outpacing. warmth, holding, relaxed pace

MSP detractions (3) and PPW enhances for Identity (3)

infantilisation, labelling, disparagement. respect, acceptance, celebration

MSP detractions (3) and PPW enhances for Attachment (3)

accusation, treachery, invalidation. acknowledgement, genuineness, validation

MSP detractions (4) and PPW enhances for Inclusion (4)

stigmatisation, ignoring, banishment, mockery. recognition, including, belonging, fun

MSP detractions (4) and PPW enhances for Occupation (4)

disempowerment, imposition, disruption, objectification. empowerment, facilitation, enabling, collaboration

Enriched model of person-centred dementia care

neurological impairment, health, personality, biography, social psychology

Alzheimer’s Disease (4)

memory impairment (STM, episodic), word finding difficulties, dysexecutive impairment, gradual decline

Vascular Dementia (3)

gait disturbances, speech language EF difficulties, step-wise decline

Dementia with Lewy bodies (4 symptoms)

fluctuating attention, mvmt similar to PD incl speech, hallucinations, word finding diff

PPA (PNFA) (1 good, 5 bad)

single word comp / dysfluent, effortful speech, speech sound errors, agrammatic, sentence comp

PPA (SD) (3 good, 4 bad)

grammar, fluent, repetition / naming, word comp, obj recog, surface dyslexia

PPA (LPA) (2 good, 5 bad)

grammar, single word rep and comp / sentence rep, digit span, phonology, empty speech, single word retrieval

Frontotemporal dementia (2 symptoms)

memory relatively preserved, progressive EF impairment

Korsakoff syndrome (3)

memory impairment, poor insight, confabulation

PSP (3)

dysexecutive impairment (disinhibition, apathy), dysarthria, dysphonia

PCA

progressive difficulties with reading, spelling, using and identifying common objects/tools

PPAs when?

55-65 onset, working age

Huntingdon’s when?

35-45, working age

Huntingdon’s dementia (1 good, 1 poor)

episodic, procedural

Corticobasal Syndrome when?

60-80

Corticobasal Syndrome (4 differentiating characteristic difficulties)

reading, fluency, language, visuospatial