Random info

Mesolimbic dopamine pathway

most associated with reward system, main part of reward system

VTA

ventral tegmental area, dopamine producing are in the brain

Nucleus accumbens

associated witn motivation and reward

Mesocortical dopamine pathway

originates in vta but travels to the cerebral cortex, specifically to the frontal lobes

Myelin and nodes of raniver

fatty insulation around many axons and the gaps between sections of it

Microglia

removes waste material, viruses, fungi and microorganisms

Radial glia

guides migration of neurons during embryonic development, most differentiates into neurons

Oligodendrocytes

builds the myelin sheaths, occurs in the central nervous system

Astrocytes

help synchronize axon activity, controls amount of blood flow to each brain areas, wraps around the presynaptic terminals of a group of functionally related axons

Schwann cells

builds the myelin sheaths, occurs in the peripheral nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system relaxes

bladder, airways

SNS inhibits

salivation, stomach activity, intestines activity, gallbladder

SNS other

dilate pupils, increase heartbeat, stimulate release or glucose, secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, promote ejaculation and vaginal constructions, associated with fight or flight and sexual activities

SNS has ganglia close to

the spinal cord

SNS main chemical messenger

Noradrenaline

Parasympathetic nervous system stimulate

salvia, stomach activity, gallbladder, intestines activity

PNS constric

pupils, airways

PNS other

slow heartbeat, inhibit release of glucose, contract bladder, promote erection of genitals

PNS main chemical messenger

acetylcholine

PNS has ganglia close to

to the target organs

Current

flow of electricity from one area to another

Action and graded potential statements

may depolarize membrane, may be excitatory, have all or nothing rule

IPSP statement

potassium or chloride gates in membrane open, summation with EPSPs determines whether the postsynaptic cell fires an action potential or not

May excite neurons membrane

EPSP, action potential, neurons spontaneously firing