Random info

Mesolimbic dopamine pathway - most associated with reward system, main part of reward system .

VTA - ventral tegmental area, dopamine producing are in the brain.

Nucleus accumbens - associated witn motivation and reward.

Experience something rewarding - VTA activated - project into nucleus accumbens through mesolimbic dopamine pathway

Mesocortical dopamine pathway - originates in vta but travels to the cerebral cortex, specifically to the frontal lobes.

Myelin and nodes of raniver - fatty insulation around many axons and the gaps between sections of it.

Microglia - removes waste material, viruses, fungi and microorganisms. Very small.

Radial glia - guides migration of neurons during embryonic development, most differentiates into neurons.

Oligodendrocytes - builds the myelin sheaths, occurs in the central nervous system.

Astrocytes - help synchronize axon activity, controls amount of blood flow to each brain areas, wraps around the presynaptic terminals of a group of functionally related axons.

Schwann cells - builds the myelin sheaths, occurs in the peripheral nervous system.

Sympathetic nervous system relaxes: bladder, airways.

SNS inhibits: salivation, stomach activity, intestines activity, gallbladder.

SNS other: dilate pupils, increase heartbeat, stimulate release or glucose, secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, promote ejaculation and vaginal constructions, associated with fight or flight and sexual activities.

SNS has ganglia close to: the spinal cord.

SNS main chemical messenger: Noradrenaline

Parasympathetic nervous system stimulate: salvia, stomach activity, gallbladder, intestines activity.

PNS constric: pupils, airways.

PNS other: slow heartbeat, inhibit release of glucose, contract bladder, promote erection of genitals.

PNS main chemical messenger: acetylcholine.

PNS has ganglia close to: to the target organs.

Current - flow of electricity from one area to another.

Action and graded potential statements: may depolarize membrane, may be excitatory, have all or nothing rule.

IPSP statement: potassium or chloride gates in membrane open, summation with EPSPs determines whether the postsynaptic cell fires an action potential or not.

May excite neurons membrane: EPSP, action potential, neurons spontaneously firing.