Canine H+L ICVA Diseases

Anemia (General):C.S

1. Pale MM

2. Lethargy + Weakness

3. Tachycardia + Tachypnea

4. Exercise Intolerance

5. Jaundice: if hemolytic

6. Dark or Discolored Urine: Hemoglobinuria if intravascular hemolysis

7. Abdominal Distenion

Anemia (General):D.X

1. CBC

2. CHEM

3. U/A

4. Coombs Test

5. Bone Marrow Aspiration or Biopsy

6. PCR or Serology

Anemia (General):T.X

Depends on underlying cause

Canine Juvenile Cellulitis:C.S

Affects puppies btwn 3 wks - 4 months old

1. Facial swelling + Pustules: muzzle, lips,eyelids,ears

2. Submandibular + Preauricular Lymphadenopathy

3. Oozing + Crusting skin lesions

4. Pain + Pruritus

5. Systemic signs

   1. Fever, Anorexia, Lethargy

Canine Juvenile Cellulitis:D.X

1. HX of Rapid onset dermatitis

2. Cytology/skin scrape of pustules

   1. Neutrophilic + Pyogranulomatous

3. Skin Biopsy + Histopath: Gold standard

   1. Granulomatous + pyogranulomatous w/ no bacteria/fungi

4. CBC: Neutrophilia ± Leukocytosis

Canine Juvenile Cellulitis:T.X

1. Aggressive TX

2. Corticosteroids

3. Broadspec ABX: for secondary infection

4. Pain management + Supportive Care

Genetic Coagulopathy: Types

Clotting is impaired

1. Hemophilia A

   1. Factor VIII Deficiency, x-linked recessive disorder

2. Hemophilia B

   1. Factor IX Deficiency, x-linked recessive disorder

3. VonWillebrand’s Disease

   1. Deficiency/dysfunction of vWD, Autosomal

      1. Crucial for platelet isolation

Genetic Coagulopathy:C.S

Haemophilia A+B

1. Prolonged bleeding + Spontaneous internal bleeding

2. Nose bleeds + Hemarthrosis (bleed in joints)

vWD

1. Mucosal bleed

2. Primarily affects platelet function not in intrinsic clotting

3. Prolonged bleeding

Genetic Coagulopathy:D.X

1. Hemophilia A+B

   1. Prolonged aPTT

   2. Normal PT: extrinsic pathway

   3. Specific clotting factor assays

      1. Hemophilia A: Low/Absent Factor VIII

      2. Hemophilia B: Low/Absent Factor IX

2. vWF

   1. Normal aPTT

   2. Normal PT

   3. Low/Absent vWF

   4. BMBT: Prolonged, vWF antigen

Genetic Coagulopathy: T.X

Hemophilia A+B

1. Replacement therapy for specific clotting factor

vWD

1. Desmopressin

   1. ^vWF + Factor VIII

Acquired Coagulopath:Types

1. Vitamin K Antagonism

   1. Due to rodenticide toxicity

2. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

   1. Wide-spread clotting—> consumption of clotting factors + platelets= paradoxical hemorrhage tendency

3. Liver DZ

   1. Lead to decrease in coag factors

4. Immune-mediated thromboctopenia(IMTP)

Acquired Coagulopath:C.S

1. Hemorrhage

2. Petechiae + Ecchymoses

3. Prolonged bleeding time

4. Hematoma

5. Hemarthrosis

6. Anemia signs

Acquired Coagulopath:D.X

1. CBC: Thombocytopenia

   1. IMTP or DIC

2. Coag profile: Prolonged PT: Extrinsic defect

   1. Vitamin K Toxicity

3. D-Dimer + FIbrin Degredation Products (FDP)

   1. DIC

4. Prolonged PT + aPTT

   1. DIC

5. Liver function test

Acquired Coagulopath:T.X

1. Vitamin K1

   1. For K toxicity

2. Fresh frozen plasma + Cryoprecipitate for DIC or Liver Dz

3. Whole blood transfusion: in severe hemorrhage cases

4. Antifibrinolytics + Heparin therapy

   1. DIC

Immune mediated disease( Hemolytic anemia): TX

1. Immunosuppressive Therapy

2. Packed Red blood cells (blood transfusion)

3. Antithrombotic therapy

4. Supportive Care

Immune Mediated Disease (Thrombocytopenia)

TX: Vincristine

Immunodeficiency:

Lymphadenopathy:

Leukemia:

Lymphoma:

Mast Cell Tumor:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Bone Marrow Disease:

Pancytopenia

Multiple myeloma