Miles Down Mcat Psych Soc

pierce fluorenes

major sections of the brain

William James and john Dewey

functionalism

paul broca

brocas area

hermann von helmholtz

speed of impulse

charles sherrington

synapses

freud

psychoanalytic perspective

GABA

inhibitory NT, acts as brain stabilizer, glycine serves similar function

dopamine

maintains smooth movements and positive

seratonin

modulates mood, sleep, eating, dreaming

glutamate

excitatory

hindbrain consists of the

cerebellum, medulla oblongata

midbrain contains the

inferior and superior colliculus

forebrain contains the

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system

thalamus

relay for sensory information

hypothalamus

endocrine system

basal ganglia

smooth movements, postural stability

limbic system septal nuclei

pleasure and addiction

limbic system, amygdala

fear and aggression

limbic system hippocampus

emotion and memory

frontal cerebral cortex

executive function, impulse control

parietal cerebral cortex

touch, pressure temp, pain, spatial processing

occipital cerebral cortex lobe

vision

temporal cerebral cortex lobe

sound, speech, memory, emotion

notochord forms from the ____ and signals to the ___ for neurulation

mesoderm,ectoderm

the neural tube from the notochord develops

CNS

neural crest cells form the

PNS

rooting reflex

turn head towards stimulation

moro reflex

extends arms, falling

babinski reflex

big toe up other toes fan out

grasping reflex

grabs anything put into hand

developmental milestones include

gross and fine motor skills, other oriented social skills, complex language skills

sensory ganglia

cell bodies around the CNS

projection areas

areas in the brain that analyze sensory input

abs threshold

minimum amount of stimulus to activate sensory system

difference threshold

minimum distance between 2 stimuli before difference is perceived

webers law

JND proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus

signal detection theory

nonsensory factors that affect sensation, hit,miss,false alarm, correct rejection

visual pathway

eye, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, LGN, visual radiations, visual cortex

hearing pathway

cochlear, vestibulocochlear nerve, MGN, auditory cortex

superior olive in sound

localizes sound

inferior colliculus in sound

startle reflex, vestibulo occular reflex

habituation

becoming used to a stimulus

dishabituation

2nd intervening stimulus

associative

pairing things together

operant conditioning

behavior changed through consequences

extinction

previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced

shaping

behavior closer and closer to what you want

classical conditioning

repetition, neutral stimulus becomes conditioned

sensory and Short term memory

transient, NT activity

long term memory involves

rehearsal

explicit memory

declarative

implicit memory

acquired skills, conditioned responses

alzheimrs’s

beta amyloid, loss of ach

korzakoff’s

thiamine deficiency, retrograde amnesia, confabulation

agnosia

loss of ability to recognize senses

retrograde interference

new memory, forget old

proactive interference

old memory, forget new

proactive interference

old memory, forget new

declarative memory

facts and information

episodic memory

events

semantic memory

concepts

piagets stages 0-2

sensorimotor

piagets stages 2-7

preoperational, play, egocentric

piagets stages 7-11

concrete operational, conservation

piagets stages 12-

formal operational, think about future

functional problem solving

tend to use objects in the way they’re intended

availability heuristics

make decisions based on how easily similar situations can be imagined

representativeness heuristic

make decisions about actions/events based on standard perception

conformation bias

focus on info that fits beliefs

Gardners theory of multiple intelligences

7 individual areas

depressents

alcohol, barbituates, benzo, increased gaba

stimulants

caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, increased dopa,ne,seratonin

opiates and opioids

heroin, morphine, opium, oxy, hydrocordizone, dec pain, can cause death by respiratory depression

hallucinogens

lsd,peyote,ketamine, alt reality

mesolimbic pathway

nucleus acumbens,amygdla,hippocampus, dopamine

phonology

actual sound of the word

morphology

building blocks of words

semantics

meaning of words

syntax

rules dictating word order

pragmatics

changes in language delivery depending on context

nativist theory of language

language is innate

behaviorist theory of language

language controlled by operant conditioning+ reinforcement

sapir worphian hypothesis

the way we view and interpret the world is based by language

social interaction hyp

language caused by motivation to communicate with others

brocas area

produces speech

wernickes area

language comprehension

arcuate fasciculus

connects broca’s and wernicke’s

brocas aphasia

difficult to generate speech

wernickes aphasia

lack of compensation

conduction aphasia

can’t repeat words

light sleep is related to __ waves

alpha

slightly deeper sleep is ____ waves and

theta, spindles, k complexes

slow wave NREM sleep is ___ waves

delta, sleep disorders, GH released

REM sleep

mind appears awake on EEG but asleep

beta waves are

busy waves

activation synthesis theory

dreams are a result of cortex processing brain activation in stem

selective attention

allows one to pay attention to particular stimulus while determining if added stimulus requires attention

divided attention

multiple things at the same time

primary drives

hunger

secondary drives

conditioning, desire to make more money