Human Muscular System Anatomy

Vocabulary flashcards covering muscle names, actions, origins, insertions, and innervations as specified in the anatomy lecture notes.

Frontalis

Action: Elevate eyebrows, wrinkle forehead; Group: Epicranius

Galea aponeurosis

Action: Muscle attachment site; Group: Epicranius

Occipitalis

Action: Retracts scalp; Group: Epicranius

Superior rectus of eye

Action: Rotates eye upwards; Group: Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Inferior rectus of eye

Action: Rotates eye downwards; Group: Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Medial rectus of eye

Action: Add.; Group: Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Lateral rectus of eye

Action: Abd.; Group: Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Superior oblique of eye

Action: "Down and out"; Group: Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Inferior oblique of eye

Action: "Up and out"; Group: Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Corrugator supercilii

Action: Wrinkles eyebrows; Group: Facial Muscles

Nasalis

Action: Compresses bridge of nose; Group: Facial Muscles

Orbicularis oculi

Action: Closes eye; Group: Facial Muscles

Zygomaticus minor

Origin: Zygomatic bone; Insertion: Superior portions of mouth; Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII); Action: Elevates upper lip; Group: Facial Muscles

Zygomaticus major

Origin: Zygomatic bone; Insertion: Corners of mouth; Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII); Action: Elevates corner of mouth; Group: Facial Muscles

Risorius

Origin: Near parotid salivary gland; Insertion: Corners of mouth; Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII); Action: Pulls lips laterally; Group: Facial Muscles

Buccinator

Origin: Maxilla and Mandible; Insertion: Mouth; Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII); Action: Compresses cheek; Group: Mastication Muscles

Orbicularis oris

Action: Puckers lips; Group: Facial Muscles

Depressor anguli oris

Action: Depresses corners of lip; Group: Facial Muscles

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic bone; Insertion: Mandible; Innervation: Trigeminal nerve; Action: Elevates jaw; Group: Mastication Muscles

Temporalis

Action: Elevate mandible; Group: Mastication Muscles

Medial and Lateral Pterygoid

Action: Elevation and lateral movement of jaw; Group: Mastication Muscles

Genioglossus

Action: Protract tongue; Group: Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

Hyoglossus

Action: Depress and retract tongue; Group: Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

Styloglossus

Action: Elevate and retract tongue; Group: Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

Platysma

Action: Depresses mandible; Group: Neck Muscles

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Sternum and clavicle; Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone; Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI); Action: F. and laterally flex neck; rotate head; Group: Neck Muscles

Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)

Action: F. neck, elevate first rib; Group: Neck Muscles

External intercostals

Action: Elevate ribcage, expands ribcage; Group: Thoracic Muscles

Internal intercostals

Action: Stabilizes ribcage; Group: Thoracic Muscles

Pectoralis major

Origin: Clavicle, manubrium and body of sternum; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Innervation: Pectoral nerves; Action: Add. and medial rotation of arm; Group: Thoracic Muscles

Pectoralis minor

Action: Elevate ribcage, depress scapula; Group: Thoracic Muscles

Serratus anterior

Action: Protract scapula; Group: Thoracic Muscles

Diaphragm

Action: Increases thoracic cavity volume; inhalation; Group: Breathing Muscles

Trapezius

Origin: Superior nuchal ridge and spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae; Insertion: Clavicle, spine and acromion of scapula; Innervation: Acessory nerve (CN XI); Action: Descending: Elevation and upward rotation of scapular; Transverse: retraction of scapula; Ascending: retraction of scapula; Group: Back Muscles

Levator scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae; Insertion: Superior angle and medial border of scapula; Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve; Action: Elevate scapula; Group: Back Muscles

Rhomboid minor

Origin: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae and C7; Insertion: Medial border of scapula; Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve; Action: Retract and downwards rotation of scapula; Group: Back Muscles

Rhomboid major

Origin: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae; Insertion: Medial border of scapula; Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve; Action: Retract and downwards rotation of scapula; Group: Back Muscles

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: Thoracic vertebrae and iliac crest; Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus; Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve; Action: Add. and medial rotation of arm; Group: Back Muscles

Teres major

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula; Insertion: Inferior to lesser tubercle of humerus; Innervation: Lower scapular neve; Action: Add. and medial rotation of arm; Group: Back Muscles

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Innervation: Suprascapular nerve; Action: Abd. Shoulder; Group: Rotator Cuff

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Innervation: Suprascapular nerve; Action: Lateral rotation of shoulder; Group: Rotator Cuff

Teres minor

Origin: Lateral border of scapula; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Innervation: Axillary nerve; Action: Lateral rotation of shoulder; Group: Rotator Cuff

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa; Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus; Innervation: Lower scapular neve; Action: Medial rotation of shoulder; Group: Rotator Cuff

Iliocostalis

Action: E. spine; Group: Erector Spinae

Longissimus

Action: E. spine; Group: Erector Spinae

Spinalis

Action: E. spine; Group: Erector Spinae

Quadratus lumborum

Action: E. trunk; Group: Lower Back Muscles

Psoas major

Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur; Innervation: Lumbar nerves; Action: F. hip; Group: Lower Back Muscles

External obliques of abdomen

Action: Bilateral: F. trunk; Unilateral: Lateral flexion; Group: Abdominal Muscles

Internal obliques of abdomen

Action: Bilateral: F. trunk; Unilateral: Lateral flexion and rotation; Group: Abdominal Muscles

Rectus abdominis

Origin: Pubis; Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartilage; Innervation: Thoracic nerves; Action: F. trunk; Group: Abdominal Muscles

Linea alba

Action: Muscle attachment site; Group: Abdominal Muscles

Deltoid

Origin: Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula; Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity; Innervation: Axillary nerve; Action: F., E., Abd. of arm; Group: Upper Limb

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Coracoid process; Insertion: Middle of anterior humerus; Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve; Action: Add. and F. arm; Group: Upper Limb

Biceps brachii

Origin: Coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle; Insertion: Radial tuberosity; Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve; Action: F. of forearm; Group: Upper Limb

Brachialis

Origin: Anterior, distal portion of humerus; Insertion: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity; Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve; Action: F. of forearm; Group: Upper Limb

Triceps brachii

Origin: Posterior portion of humerus and infraglenoid tubercle; Insertion: Olecranon of ulna; Innervation: Radial nerve; Action: E. of forearm; Group: Upper Limb

Brachioradialis

Origin: Distal portion of humerus; Insertion: Distal portion of radius; Innervation: Radial nerve; Action: F. of forearm; Group: Upper Limb

Pronator teres

Origin: Medial, distal end of humerus; Insertion: Radius; Innervation: Median nerve; Action: Pronation of forearm; Group: Upper Limb

Flexor carpi radialis

Action: F. wrist; Group: Wrist flexors

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: Medial epicondyle; Insertion: Pisiform and hamate; Innervation: Ulnar nerve; Action: F. and Add. Wrist; Group: Upper Limb

Palmaris longus

Action: F. wrist; Group: Wrist flexors

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Action: E. wrist; Group: Wrist extensors

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Action: E. wrist; Group: Wrist extensors

Abductor pollicis brevis

Action: Abd. thumb; Group: Hand Muscles

Abductor pollicis longus

Action: Abd. Thumb; Group: Hand Muscles

Adductor pollicis

Action: Add. thumb; Group: Hand Muscles

Flexor pollicis longus

Action: F. of thumb; Group: Hand Muscles

Extensor pollicus

Action: E. thumb; Group: Hand Muscles

Extensor digitorum

Action: E. medial 4 digits and wrist; Group: Hand Muscles

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Action: F. pinky finger; Group: Hand Muscles

Extensor retinaculum of the hand

Action: Holds tendonds in place; Group: Other Structures

Flexor retinaculum of the hand

Action: Holds tendonds in place; Group: Other Structures

Gluteus maximus

Origin: Ilium and scarum; Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract; Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve; Action: E. and lateral rotation of thigh; Group: Hip Muscles

Gluteus medius

Action: Medial rotation, abd. Hip; Group: Deep gluteal muscles

Gluteus minimus

Action: Medial rotation, abd. Hip; Group: Deep gluteal muscles

Tensor fascia latae

Origin: ASIS and iliac crest; Insertion: Tibia via iliotibial tract; Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve; Action: Abd. Medial rotation, and F. at hip; Group: Hip Muscles

Iliacus

Origin: Iliac crest and iliac fossa; Insertion: Lesser troachanter of femur; Innervation: Femoral nerve; Action: F. thigh; Group: Hip Muscles

Adductor brevis

Origin: Pubis; Insertion: Linea aspera; Innervation: Obturator nerve; Action: Add. thigh; Group: Hip adductor

Adductor longus

Origin: Pubis; Insertion: Linea aspera; Innervation: Obturator nerve; Action: Add. thigh; Group: Hip adductor

Adductor magnus

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity and pubis; Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera; Innervation: Obturator and tibial nerves; Action: Add. thigh; Group: Hip adductor

Gracilis

Origin: Pubis; Insertion: Medial portion of proximal tibia; Innervation: Obturator nerve; Action: F. of leg; Assists in F. of thigh; Add. of hip; Group: Hip adductor

Obturator internus

Action: Lateral rotation of hip; Group: Lateral Rotators

Piriformis

Action: Lateral rotation of hip; Group: Lateral Rotators

Quadratus femoris

Action: Lateral rotation of hip; Group: Lateral Rotators

Superior and inferior gemellus

Action: Lateral rotation of hip; Group: Lateral Rotators

Iliococcygeus

Action: Elevates pubic organs; forms pelvic floor; Group: Levator ani

Pubococcygeus

Action: Elevates pubic organs; forms pelvic floor; Group: Levator ani

Puborectalis

Action: Elevates pubic organs; forms pelvic floor; Group: Levator ani

Iliotibial tract ("IT band")

Action: Muscle attachment site; Group: Other Structures

Sartorius

Origin: ASIS; Insertion: Medial portion of proximal tibia; Innervation: Femoral nerve; Action: F. of leg; Assists in F. of thigh; Group: Hip Muscles

Rectus femoris

Origin: AIIS; Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity; Innervation: Femoral nerve; Action: E. of leg; Group: Quadricep Muscles

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Intertrochanteric line and greater trochanter of femur; Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity; Innervation: Femoral nerve; Action: E. of leg; Group: Quadricep Muscles

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Anterior portion of femur; Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity; Innervation: Femoral nerve; Action: E. of leg; Group: Quadricep Muscles

Vastus medialis

Origin: Intertrochanteric line of femur; Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity; Innervation: Femoral nerve; Action: E. of leg; Group: Quadricep Muscles

Biceps femoris

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity and linea aspera; Insertion: Head of fibula; Innervation: Tibial and common fibular nerve; Action: F. of leg; Group: Hamstrings

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity; Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal tibia; Innervation: Tibial nerve; Action: F. of leg; Group: Hamstrings

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity; Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal tibia; Innervation: Tibial nerve; Action: F. of leg; Group: Hamstrings

Tibialis anterior

Action: Dorsiflexion; Group: Dorsiflexor

Extensor digitorum longus

Action: E. toes II-V; Group: Foot Muscles