30 Required Models & Theories for AP Human Geography (copy)

What is the primary difference between latitude and longitude?

Latitude is based on the equator and is horizontal, while longitude is based on the prime meridian and is vertical.

What is GIS used for?

GIS is used to layer different maps to show patterns in data.

What are thematic maps?

Thematic maps are types of maps that show data with a specific theme, such as isoline, dot, or choropleth.

What do population pyramids illustrate?

Population pyramids are used to show demographic patterns in a population based on sex and age.

What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

The DTM posits that all countries go through five stages characterized by changes in birth/death rates and natural population increase, without accounting for migration.

How does the Epidemiological Transition Theory relate to the DTM?

The Epidemiological Transition Theory shows the types of diseases a country is likely to face based on its development stage.

What are Ravenstein's laws of migration?

Ravenstein's laws highlight patterns in migration, including that most people move short distances, migration goes by steps, and economic factors are the primary drivers.

What does the Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition suggest?

The Zelinsky Model suggests that the type of migration shifts based on a country's demographic stage, such as rural to urban migration in stage two.

What is Malthusian Theory of Population Growth?

The Malthusian Theory posits that population grows exponentially while food production grows linearly, leading to potential food shortages.

What does the S-Curve represent?

The S-Curve represents the speed at which ideas are adopted, showing a slow start, rapid growth, and eventual cooling off.

What is the Language Tree?

The Language Tree illustrates the relationships between languages, with Indo-European being the largest language family.

What is the Organic Theory in geopolitics?

The Organic Theory suggests that countries are like living organisms that need expansion to survive.

What is Mackinder's Heartland Theory?

Mackinder's Heartland Theory states that to achieve global power, one must conquer Eastern Europe and Russia.

What is the Domino Theory?

The Domino Theory posited during the Cold War that if one country fell to Communism, neighboring countries would follow suit.

What does the Core-Periphery Model explain?

The Core-Periphery Model describes the relationship between core countries, which rely on periphery countries for labor.

What does the Von Thunen Model illustrate?

The Von Thunen Model illustrates the location of industries in relation to a city and its surrounding agricultural activities.

What is Ester Boserup's Theory?

Boserup's Theory posits that food production will increase in response to population growth.

What are Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth?

Rostow's model outlines five stages of industrial development: Traditional Society, Preconditions to Take Off, Take Off, Drive to Maturity, and High Mass Consumption.

What is Wallerstein's World System Theory?

Wallerstein's World System Theory explains the global economic system where core countries benefit from periphery countries' raw materials and labor.

What is Dependency Theory?

Dependency Theory states that the dependency of periphery countries on cores was created by colonization, affecting their production capacity.

What is Weber's Least Cost Theory?

Weber's Least Cost Theory states that industries locate where transportation costs of raw materials and finished products are minimized.

What does Christaller’s Central Place Theory explain?

Christaller's Central Place Theory explains how cities and towns are distributed based on people's travel willingness for goods and services.

What does the Burgess Concentric Zone Model describe?

The Burgess Concentric Zone Model describes urban layout with a business district at the center, surrounded by residential and industrial zones.

What is the Gravity Model in urban geography?

The Gravity Model posits that larger cities attract more people than smaller ones due to their economic opportunities.

What does the Hoyt Sector Model illustrate?

The Hoyt Sector Model aligns socio-economic classes along transportation routes within a city.

What is the Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model?

The Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model describes a city composed of multiple centers or business districts.

What is Borchert's Evolution of the American Urban System?

Borchert's model describes the evolution of urbanization in America from port cities to railroads, leading to service-oriented urban areas.

What is Zipf's Rank Size Rule?

Zipf's Rank Size Rule states that the population of the nth largest city is 1/n of the largest city, illustrating a pattern of urban size distribution.

What is the Bid-Rent Curve?

The Bid-Rent Curve illustrates that land prices increase as one approaches the central city.