defense against microbes

What is a pathogen?

A microorganism, such as a virus, that causes disease.

What are the main types of microbes?

Useful microbes and harmful microbes.

What is the first line of defence against microbes?

The skin acts as a barrier.

How do mucus and tears help prevent infection?

Mucus traps microbes, and tears contain chemicals that can kill them.

What role do antibodies play in the immune response?

Antibodies attach to microbes, helping to neutralize them and marking them for destruction.

What are phagocytes?

A type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys microbes.

What are lymphocytes?

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.

What is a communicable disease?

A disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.

Name three examples of communicable diseases.

Flu, tuberculosis, and COVID-19.

What are some methods to prevent the spread of communicable diseases?

Good hygiene, using disinfectants, washing hands, and using insect repellent.

Why is high temperature dangerous in the context of infection?

It can indicate a severe infection and may lead to complications.

How can microbes enter the body?

Through eyes, ears, nose, mouth, genitals, and skin (cuts or bites).

What historical event caused a significant decrease in deaths from microbes?

The improvements in hygiene and living conditions since 1905.

What is antibiotic resistance?

When bacteria evolve and become resistant to antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.

What is the role of white blood cells?

To destroy microorganisms that enter the body.

What happens if microbes enter the blood?

The immune system activates, sending white blood cells to fight the infection.

What is the significance of the Great Plague?

It killed approximately 60% of the English population and was caused by bacteria carried by fleas.

What are some ways to avoid infection?

Cook food thoroughly, wash hands after using the toilet, and avoid sharing drinks.

Why is it important for first-aiders to wear gloves?

To prevent the transmission of microorganisms between the first-aider and the patient.

What is the importance of vaccinations?

Vaccinations help to prevent diseases by building immunity.

What is one method to reduce the spread of communicable diseases?

Staying home when sick to avoid infecting others.