07B. Proto Nationalist Struggle

Government of India Act, 1857

Is GG of India title abolished?

No, now they have both titles of Viceroy and GG of India

Viceroys of India part 1 upto 1872

1. Charles Canning (1858-1862)

2. lord Elgin (1862-63)

3. John Lawrence (1864-69)

4. lord Mayo (1869-72)

which Viceroys/ GG's died in India

1. Lord cornwalis in 1805 (2nd turn)

2. Lord Elgin (1863)

3. Lord Mayo (1872) - assasinated in Andaman and nicobar islands

Viceroys of India Part 2 upto 1888

1. Lord Northbrook (1872-1976)

2. Lord Lytton (1876-1880)

3. Lorn Ripon (1880-1884)

4. Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)

Viceroys Part 3 from 1899

1. Lord curzon (1899-1905)

Important acts under Charles Canning

1. Indian Councils Acts, 1861

2. Portfolia system

3. IPC, CrPC

4. Indian Civil Services Act, 1861 (age limit 23->22)

5. Indigo revolt

6. White Mutiny

7. Establishment of Archaeological Survey of India

8. Indian High Courts Act, 1861

Indian Councils Act, 1861

1. Motto

2. Legislative Powers of provinces

3. Executive council

4. What system in executive council

5. Indian representation

6. restrictions on the members

7. Override power

7. Budget

1. Focused on Decentralisation from now on

2. Restored Legilsative Powers to Provinces; atleast 50% non-officials should be nominated by Governor of the Province

3. Executive Council - 4 to 5 members (including viceroy)

4. Portfolio system for Council members

5. 6 -> 12; half non-officials( who are not from the gvt) mostly Indians

6. only discussion, could not discuss REVENUE, MILITARY, FOREIGN, could not question executive

7. Viceroy can overide

8. Concept of Budget introduced but cannot be discussed by Indians

Power of Provincial Legislatures regarding laws

1. Can they pass bills independently

1. No, after everything is done at province level, it needs assent of Viceroy

High courts established when and how

1. 1862

2. By merging SC and Sadar Adalats

What are duar wars, 1865

1. War with Bhutan- Assam and Cooch bihar was given to India

What is Mayo resolution, 1870

1. Under Lord Mayo

2. financial Decentralisation

Who established Statistical service of India, first census, State Ownership of railways

Lord Mayo

3 Delhi durbars

1. 1877

2. 1903

3. 1911

1. Lord lytton - To impress Queen victoria, gave her title kaiser i Hind

2. lord curzon - Edwward VII coronation

3. Lord Hrdinge - for George V and Queen mary, capital shifted to Delhi - first time the monarch came to India

Lord Lytton (1876-1880)

1. famine

2. Delhi Durbar, 1877

3. maximum Civil services age

4. Salt tax (the same tax which led to civil disobedience)

5. other acts

1. Great famine due to continued grain export using railways

2. to impress Queen Victoria, gave her title kaiser-i-Hind

3. 21 to 19

4. Uniform salt tax

5. Arms acts,1878 -made licensing mandatory and Vernaculat Press Act, 1878 - Gagging act

Lord Rippon (1880-1884)

1. repealed acts

2. Imp deed

3. election

4. Which imp bill

5. Universities

6. Education

7. Which act to shield manchestar from low prices of indian goods

8. Mysore

1. Repealed Vernacular pressa act (Not arms act, it continues till today)

2. Father of local self gvt - extended municipal boards in taluks

3. introduced principle of elections in local self gvt ( not mandatory )

4. Illbert Bill controversy - to allow Indians to try Europeans

5. Punjab University, Allahabad University

6. Education related Hunter commission

7. factories act,1881: minimum age, compulsary holidays

8. Wodiar dynasty power reinstated

Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)

1. INC

2. Which Committee on Public service

1. founded

2. Aitchison Committee - gave multiple categories of serivces like imperial, provincial, subordinate

Indian Councils Act, 1892

1. Context

2. Council

3. Powers of council

1. Rise of Moderates, so English wanted to give token reforms

2. Indirect elections(although election word not used) for the first time in central legislative - recommended members from diff univs, zamindars etc, initially viceroy chooses 6 members of his choice (generally 3 Indians + 3 british)

- and also recommendations from certain bodies in provincial level

3. Budget discussion allowed but no right to vote

- Questions can be asked but not supplementary

- No control over exec like before

- Still cannot discuss foreign, defence