Anthro 105 Practical 4 Quiz

Support and locomotion

What are the two functions of the pelvic girdle?

Os coxa (2), sacrum, coccyx

What are the four parts of the pelvic girdle?

Ilium, ischium, pubis

What are the three parts of the os coxa?

Superior

Is the ilium superior or inferior on the ox coxa?

Fan shaped

What shape is the ilium?

Ilium

Which part of the os coxa is superior and fan shaped

Posterior, inferior

Which side of the os coxa is the ischium on?

Ischium

Which part of the os coxa do we sit on?

Ischium

Which part of the os coxa is the large, postero-inferior portion?

Anterior, inferior

Which side of the os coxa is the pubis on?

Pubis

Which part of the os coxa is on the anterior inferior portion and meets at the midline of the body?

Greater sciatic notch

What is the wide notch on the posterior aspect of the os coxa?

Iliac crest

What is the superior border of the ilium?

Anterior inferior iliac spine

What is the projection on the anterior body of the os coxa that is the muscle attachment site?

Obturator foramen

What is the large hole encircled by the pubis and ischium?

Auricular surface

What is the ear shaped sacral articular surface on the posterior medial aspect of the os coxa?

Pubis symphysis

What is the angled articular surface on the atero-inferior aspect of the os coxa where the left and right pubic bones meet?

Ischial tuberosity

What is the large, rounded postero-inferior corner of the os coxa?

Acetabulum

What is the socket on the lateral aspect of the os coxa that articulates with the head of the femur?

Ischial spine

What is the feature of the os coxa that is inferior to the greater sciatic notch and differs in males and females?

Sacral plateau, alae, transverse ridges, and facet for the coccyx

What are the four parts of the sacrum?

Sacral plateau

Which part of the sacrum is the most superior surface and articulates with the terminal lumbar vertebra?

Alae

What part of the sacrum is called the "wings" and articulates with the auricular surface of the os coxa?

Transverse ridges

Which part of the sacrum lines of fusion of the sacral vertebrae?

Facet for the coccyx

Which part of the sacrum is on the inferior surface of the last sacral vertebra and articulates with the coccyx?

Long

Is a chimp ox coxa long or short?

Short

Is a human ox coxa long or short?

Narrow

Is a chimp ilia and sacrum narrow or broad?

Broad

Is a human ilia and sacrum narrow or broad?

Toward the back

Where does the ilia rotate in chimps?

Toward the side

Where does the ilia rotate in humans?

Wide

Do chimps have a wide or narrow greater sciatic notch?

Narrow

Do humans have a wide or narrow greater sciatic notch?

Anterior inferior

Which way does the iliac spine face in humans?

Greater sciatic notch, subpubic angle, curvature of the sacrum, ischial spine

What are four characteristics of the pelvic girdle that can determine sex?

Broad in females, narrow in males

What is the difference between the greater sciatic notch in males and females?

Less than 90 degrees in males, greater than 90 degrees in females

What is the difference between the subpubic angle in males and females?

Very curved in males, straighter in females

What is the difference between the curvature of the sacrum in males and females?

More prominent in males

What is the difference between the ischial spine in males and females?

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula

What are the four bones of the lower limb?

Tarsals (7), metatarsals (5), phalanges (14)

What are the three bones of the foot?

Proximal

Which side of the femur is the head on?

Acetabulum

What does the femur head articulate with?

Ball

Is the femur head the ball or socket part of the ball and socket hip joint?

Anterior, distal

Which two anatomical sides of the femur is the patellar surface on?

Patella

What slides over the patellar surface?

Patellar lip

What is the raised lateral portion of the patellar surface of the femur?

Greater trochanter

Where do the gluteus muscles insert in the femur?

Linea aspera

What is the elevated ridge that runs along the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur?

Medial and lateral condyles

What is the large, protruding articular knobs on the medial and lateral sides of the femur?

Distal

Are the medial and lateral condyles proximal or distal?

Obturator externus groove

What is the shallow depression across the posterior surface of the femoral neck?

Biped animal

Presence of the obturator externus groove tells us what?

Base, apex, lateral articular facet, medial articular facet

What are the four parts of the patella?

Rounded, proximal end

Describe the base of the patella

Pointed distal end

Describe the apex of the patella

Lateral articular facet

Larger articular surface on the patella on the posterior aspect

Medial articular facet

Smaller articular surface on the posterior aspect

Lateral condyle

Which part of the tibia is the smaller surface that articulates with the lateral femoral condyle?

Medial condyle

Which part of the tibia is the larger surface that articulates with the medial femoral condyle?

Proximal

Is the tibial tuberosity of the tibia proximal or distal?

Anterior

Is the tibial tuberosity of the tibia anterior or posterior?

Anterior crest

What is the shin of the tibia called?

Anterior crest

Which aspect of the tibia gives it its distinct triangular shape cross section?

Medial malleolus

What is the projection on the medial aspect of the distal tibia?

Fibular head

What is the wide proximal end of the fibula?

Proximal

Is the fibular head on the distal or proximal end?

Lateral malleolus

Which part of the fibula is opposite to medial malleolus of tibia?

Flat distal end

Is the lateral malleolus proximal or distal?

Malleolar articular surface

Which part of the fibula articulates with the foot?

Malleolar articular surface

Smooth medial side of the malleolus

Malleolar fossa

Which part of the fibula is posterior to distal articular surface?

Large

Do humans have a large or small knee joint?

To support increased bipedal weight load

Why do humans have a large knee joint?

Small

Do chimps have a large or small knee joint?

Long

Do humans have a long or short femoral neck?

To accomodate bicondylar angle

Why do humans have a long femoral neck?

Short

Do chimps have a long or short femoral neck?

Large

Do humans have a large or small bicondylar angle?

Small

Do chimps have a large or small bicondylar angle?

Humans

Do humans or chimps possess an adducted hallux in the foot?

Big toe aligned with other toes (non grasping)

What is an adducted hallux?

Rigid midfoot with longitudinal arch

What is a characteristic of human feet?

Opposable hallux (grasping big toe)

What kind of hallux do chimp feet have?

Chimps

Do humans or chimps possess a midtarsal break?