Headaches and fevers

Which are clinical manifestations of migraine headaches? (Select all that apply.)

Sensitivity to light and sound.

Throbbing pain.

Visual hallucinations.

Changes in sense of taste and smell.

Sensitivity to light and sound., Throbbing pain., Visual hallucinations.

Cluster headaches are caused by neurocirculatory factors with primary manifestations occurring in and around the:

Eye.

Mouth.

Trigeminal nerve.

Cranial nerves.

eye

Migraine headaches tend to run in families and are now considered an:

Autosomal recessive trait.

Autosomal dominant trait

Linked to the X chromosome.

Undetermined genetic trait.

Autosomal dominant trait

When interviewing a client who is experiencing headaches on a regular basis, the nurse should be sure to obtain which information? (Select all that apply.)

Factors that seem to be associated with the start of a headache such as missed meals or menses

Any foods or food additives that seem to accompany headaches

A medication history to include herbal supplements as well as prescription drugs

Alcohol intake

Factors that seem to be associated with the start of a headache such as missed meals or menses

Any foods or food additives that seem to accompany headaches

A medication history to include herbal supplements as well as prescription drugs

Alcohol intake

A 25-year-old client who works as an air traffic controller presents with facial pain and severe headache. They report they sometimes feels the pain in their neck or ear and that it is particularly bad during busy times at the airport. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Migraine headache

Cluster headache

Sinus headache

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome

TMJ syndrome causes pain that originates in the TMJ and is usually referred to the face, neck, or ear. Headache is also common. It is aggravated by jaw function and can be particularly severe in people under stress, especially if they grind their teeth.

A nurse practitioner is assessing a 7-year-old client who has been brought to the clinic by their parent, who is concerned about the child's increasingly frequent, severe headaches. Which of the nurse's questions is least likely to yield data that will allow for a confirmation or ruling out of migraines?

'Does your family have a history of migraines?'

'When your child has a headache, does they ever have nausea and vomiting as well?'

'Does your child have any food allergies that have been identified?'

'Is your child generally pain-free during the intervals between headaches?'

Does your child have any food allergies that have been identified?'

While certain foods may trigger migraines in some individuals, food allergies are not an identified contributor to migraines, and their presence or absence would be unlikely to provide a differential diagnosis of migraine. Migraines have a strong genetic component and in children, nausea and vomiting during a headache are suggestive of migraine. Individuals who are prone to migraines are pain-free in the times between episodes.

Which statement is true of migraine headaches?

Migraines may have a hormonal etiology in some patients.

Surgical treatments for migraines are indicated if pharmacologic treatments are unsuccessful.

Nonpharmacologic treatments and lifestyle modifications can control migraines in most patients.

Opioid analgesics achieve adequate pain control in most patients.

Migraines may have a hormonal etiology in some patients.

A 32-year-old male client presents with nonthrobbing headaches occurring twice a day for the past week. He reports having a period of similar headaches the previous year. The headaches begin suddenly and cause severe pain. They are located above left eye, over the temple, and down the cheek. The headaches last 2 to 3 hours and are accompanied by runny eyes and nose. Pain relievers are ineffective. There is occasional nausea, but no vomiting. Recent life events include divorce, job change, and death of a parent. Which type of headache is this client most likely experiencing?

Migraine

Cluster

Temporomandibular joint syndrome

Chronic

Cluster

Cluster headaches are more common in males. There may be a period of frequent headaches, followed by a remission period. Symptoms include lacrimation and rhinorrhea.

Which are characteristic of tension headaches? Select all that apply.

Sensation of pressure in band around head

Nausea and vomiting

Interference with daily activities

Infrequent, episodic, or chronic

Dull, aching pain

Affects females more than males

Sensation of pressure in band around head, Infrequent, episodic, or chronic, Dull, aching pain

Tension headaches have a hatband distribution with a dull aching pain that doesn't usually interrupt daily activity. Migraines are temporarily debilitating, affect females more than males, and present with nausea and vomiting.

Which medication is used to treat the symptoms of a fever?

Acetaminophen

Diphenhydramine

Guaifenesin

Amoxicillin

Acetaminophen

Which is a preferred nonpharmacologic method to treat a fever?

Hot bath

Cooling blankets

Heating lamps

Turning up the temperature in the room

Cooling blankets

A patient has a temperature of 106°F (41°C). What does this mean?

This is a medical emergency.

This should be treated within 24 hours.

The patient will not need intervention.

The patient is recovering.

This is a medical emergency.

What is true of older adults and fevers?

Older adults spike higher fevers than younger adults.

Older adults are less likely to spike a fever, even with a serious infection.

Older adults have a higher baseline body temperature than younger adults.

Older adults have different fever symptoms than younger adults.

Older adults are less likely to spike a fever, even with a serious infection.

What temperature would be considered a fever in an adult?

97.6°F (36.4°C)

98.6°F (37°C)

99.2°F (37.3°C)

100.2°F (37.9°C)

100.2°F (37.9°C)

A temperature over 99.5°F (37.5°C) is considered a fever in an adult.

There are two distinct neural pathways that provide pain transmission.

FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

_________is the sense of limb and body movement and position without using vision.

Proprioception

The region of the body wall that is supplied by a single pair of dorsal root ganglia is called a ___________

dermatome

The location of visceral pain tends to be more difficult to identify than of cutaneous pain.

FALSE

TRUE

true

__________are receptive nerve endings that respond to noxious stimuli.

Nociceptors

Pain treatment involves a choice between pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments.

FALSE

TRUE

false

Migraines differ from other headaches in that they are both more severe and cannot normally be treated.

FALSE

TRUE

false

__________pain is a pain that is generally of short duration and remits when the underlying pathology has resolved.

acute

Infection by the _____________virus is associated with a particularly debilitating type of neuropathic pain.

Herpes

The most significant disadvantage of opioid analgesics is the high risk of addiction.

FALSE

TRUE

FALSE

What is the maximum dose per day for ibuprofen?

1,200 mg

2,000 mg

3,200 mg

4,000 mg

3200