anth 196l lab 10

similarities of pelvis of human and Au. afarensis

curved ilium

wide sacrum

sacrums are bowl shaped

similarities of femur of human and Au. afarensis

valgus angle

oval condyles

patellar grove

differences of pelvis of human and Au. afarensis vs chimp

human + Au. afarensis: bowl shaped, wide, short

chimp: narrow, long

differences of femur of human and Au.afarensis vs chimp

human +Au.afarensis: valgus angle, long

chimp: shorter, no angle

locomotion associated with high HFI

suspensory

locomotion associated with low HFI

VCL + bipedalism

locomotion associated with intermediate HFI

quadrupeds

Au. anamensis vs human legs

smaller than modern humans

tibial plateau is thick in both

oval joint surfaces in both

what locomotion did australopithecines most likely have

similar to human locomotion: similar to bipedalism

shape of tibia are similar

similar pelvic shapes

Au. afarensis and Au. africanus brain

about the same brain size

Au. afarensis and Au. africanus teeth

Au afarensis: larger incisors and canines

Au. africanus: larger molars

Au. afarensis and Au. africanus prognathism

Au. afatensis has more prognathism-but similar

Au. afarensis and Au. aethiopicus brain size

Au. afarensis has a larger brain- but very similar!

Au. afarensis and Au. aethiopicus teeth

Au. afarensis: similar incisors, smaller molars

Au. aethiopicus: wider teeth

Au. afarensis and Au. aethiopicus prognathism

Au. aethiopicus has more-but close!

Au. afarensis and Au. aethiopicus facial robustcity

Au. aethiopicus is more defined and robust

Au. afarensis and Au. aethiopicus derived feature

rigged saggital crest

Au. aethiopicus and Au. robustus brain

Au. aethiopicus has a smaller brain

Au. aethiopicus and Au. robustus tooth size

Au. robustus: smaller incisors and canines, larger molars

Au. aethiopicus and Au. robustus prognathism

Au. aethiopicus has more

Au. aethiopicus and Au. robustus facial robusticity

both very robust

difference of Au. boisei and chimp

chimps have larger canines, sharper and more defined cusps

Au. boisei: larger molars, wider teeth

similarities of Au. boisei and gorilla

riged saggital crests

differences of Au. boisei and gorilla

gorilla has much larger canines, ridged and defined nuchal crest

evolutionary reasons for robust Au. jaw

powerful chewing

small and blunt canines

strong square mandible-allows for good chewing

where does boisei fall on check tooth body weight plot

top of the CTA

towards the start of body weight

indicates that there is a large jaw and teeth compared to body weight

why is boisei such an outlier

most likely ate nuts and grass seeds

jaw useful for breaking nuts

large molars useful for grinding grass seeds

differences of gracile and robust Au.

gracile: similar in brain size, larger incisors

robust: ridged saggital crest

what might differences of gracile and robust tell us about diet

gracile: fruit, and meat-smaller items

robust: nuts and grass seeds

Au. afarensis dimorphism

males: head size larger, brow ridge more apparent, larger teeth (incisors and molars)

what living apes is Au. afarensis similar to for dimorphism

similar to gorillas

Au. boisei dimorphism

males: saggital crest more ridged and flared, larger molars

females: canines are jutted and more complete

what ape is Au. boisei for dimorphism

similar to chimps

has dimorphism changed between Au. boisie and Au. afarensis

yes

difference in Au. afarensis larger than Au. boisei

gradual decrease through species

what does dimorphism indicate about Au. behavior

both likely had multi-male, multi-female groups

is it a good hypothesis that Au. afarensis is ancestral to other au species

yes

we can follow similar traits that appear in Au. afarensis that also appear in other species