ILA B2 English Vocabulary Review

A complete set of B2 level vocabulary covering topics in sustainability, technology, business, society, education, health, politics, and the arts based on ILA materials.

sustainability

The quality of being able to be continued at a certain level, related to maintaining ecological balance (Sự bền vững).

deforestation

The action of clearing a wide area of trees (Phá rừng).

renewable

Capable of being naturally restored or replenished, such as energy sources like wind or solar (Có thể tái tạo).

emissions

The production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation (Khí thải).

pollution

The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects (Sự ô nhiễm).

greenhouse effect

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere (Hiệu ứng nhà kính).

carbon footprint

The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person or group (Dấu chân carbon).

global warming

A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere (Sự nóng lên toàn cầu).

recycling

The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects (Tái chế).

conservation

The protection, preservation, or restoration of the natural environment and wildlife (Bảo tồn).

biodiversity

The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat (Đa dạng sinh học).

climate change

A change in global or regional climate patterns (Biến đổi khí hậu).

ecosystem

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment (Hệ sinh thái).

fossil fuels

Natural fuels such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms (Nhiên liệu hóa thạch).

renewable energy

Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power (Năng lượng tái tạo).

ozone layer

A layer in the earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from the sun (Tầng ôzôn).

eco-friendly

Not harmful to the environment (Thân thiện với môi trường).

sustainable farming

Farming in sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Canh tác bền vững).

landfill

A place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and covering it over with soil (Bãi rác).

environmental impact

The possible adverse effects caused by a development, industrial, or infrastructural project or by the release of a substance in the environment (Tác động môi trường).

artificial intelligence

The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence (Trí tuệ nhân tạo).

algorithm

A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer (Thuật toán).

data privacy

The branch of data management that deals with how a piece of information or data should be handled based on its relative importance (Quyền riêng tư dữ liệu).

automation

The use of largely automatic equipment in a system of manufacturing or other production process (Tự động hóa).

cloud computing

The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data (Điện toán đám mây).

cybersecurity

The state of being protected against the criminal or unauthorized use of electronic data (An ninh mạng).

digital transformation

The integration of digital technology into all areas of a business (Chuyển đổi số).

encryption

The process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access (Mã hóa).

hardware

The physical components of a computer system (Phần cứng).

software

The programs and other operating information used by a computer (Phần mềm).

innovation

The action or process of innovating; a new method, idea, or product (Sự đổi mới).

user interface

The means by which the user and a computer system interact, in particular the use of the input devices and software (Giao diện người dùng).

upgrade

To raise something to a higher standard, in particular improve a computer or machine by adding or replacing components (Nâng cấp).

download

To copy data from one computer system to another, typically over the internet (Tải xuống).

upload

To transfer data from one computer system to another, typically to a larger computer system via the internet (Tải lên).

malware

Software that is specifically designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system (Phần mềm độc hại).

robotics

The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots (Ngành robot học).

virtual reality

The computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment (Thực tế ảo).

big data

Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations (Dữ liệu lớn).

blockchain

A system in which a record of transactions made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency is maintained across several computers (Chuỗi khối).

investment

The action or process of investing money for profit or material result (Đầu tư).

revenue

Income, especially when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature (Doanh thu).

profit

A financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something (Lợi nhuận).

loss

An amount of money lost by a business or organization (Lỗ).

inflation

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money (Lạm phát).

recession

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced (Suy thoái kinh tế).

supply

The amount of a good or service that for-profit companies, or other producers, are willing to provide to the market (Cung cấp).

demand

The quantity of a good or service that consumers and businesses are willing and able to buy at a given price (Nhu cầu).

marketing

The action or business of promoting and selling products or services (Tiếp thị).

branding

The promotion of a particular product or company by means of advertising and distinctive design (Xây dựng thương hiệu).

entrepreneur

A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so (Doanh nhân).

shareholder

An owner of shares in a company (Cổ đông).

stock market

A stock exchange where shares of public-listed companies are traded (Thị trường chứng khoán).

merger

A combination of two companies into one (Sáp nhập).

acquisition

An asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum, or in business, one company purchasing another (Mua lại).

balance sheet

A statement of the assets, liabilities, and capital of a business or other organization at a particular point in time (Bảng cân đối kế toán).

invoice

A list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these; a bill (Hóa đơn).

loan

A thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest (Khoản vay).

budget

An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time (Ngân sách).

liability

The state of being responsible for something, especially by law (Trách nhiệm pháp lý).

diversity

The state of being diverse; variety (Sự đa dạng).

ethnicity

The fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition (Dân tộc).

stereotype

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing (Khuôn mẫu).

gender roles

Social roles encompassing a range of behaviors and attitudes that are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on their sex (Vai trò giới).

social norms

The unwritten rules of behavior that are considered acceptable in a group or society (Chuẩn mực xã hội).

Bad=Detrimental

Có hại

polluted=Contaimnated

ô nhiễm

Clean=Hygienic

Sạch sẽ

Save=Conserve

Tiết kiệm

Protect=Preserve

Bảo vệ

Damage=Deteriorate

phá huỷ

rare=scarce

khan hiếm

idea=concept

í tưởng

religion

The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods (Tôn giáo).

tradition

The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation (Truyền thống).

heritage

Property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance (Di sản).

migration

Movement from one part of something to another (Di cư).

community

A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common (Cộng đồng).

equality

The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities (Sự bình đẳng).

discrimination

The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things (Sự phân biệt đối xử).

integration

The action or process of integrating (Sự hội nhập).

multicultural

Relating to or constituting several cultural or ethnic groups within a society (Đa văn hóa).

urbanization

The process of making an area more urban (Đô thị hóa).

poverty

The state of being extremely poor (Nghèo đói).

social class

A division of a society based on social and economic status (Lớp xã hội).

globalisation

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale (Toàn cầu hóa).

custom

A traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time (Phong tục).

taboo

A social or religious custom prohibiting or forbidding discussion of a particular practice or forbidding association with a particular person, place, or thing (Điều cấm kỵ).

pedagogy

The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept (Sư phạm).

critical thinking

The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment (Tư duy phản biện).

lifelong learning

The ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge for either personal or professional reasons (Học tập suốt đời).

cognitive development

The construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making (Phát triển nhận thức).

educational equity

The measure of achievement, fairness, and opportunity in education (Công bằng trong giáo dục).

academic integrity

The moral code or ethical policy of academia (Trung thực học thuật).

interdisciplinary

Relating to more than one branch of knowledge (Liên ngành).

formative assessment

Assessment for learning through which feedback is used to improve the student's learning (Đánh giá quá trình).

summative assessment

Assessment of learning through which students' learning is evaluated at the end of an instructional unit (Đánh giá tổng kết).

inclusive education

All students, regardless of any challenges they may have, are placed in age-appropriate general education classes (Giáo dục hòa nhập).

learning outcomes

Descriptions of the knowledge or skills students should possess by the end of a course (Kết quả học tập).

vocational training

Training for a specific occupation in agriculture, trade, or industry (Đào tạo nghề).