Speech-Language Pathology Lecture Review

Comprehensive practice questions covering Spanish and English phonological variations, motor speech disorders, treatment approaches, and fluency/voice disorders.

How many vowels and consonants are typical in Spanish phonology?

5 vowels and 18 consonants.

What are the allowed allophones in Spanish mentioned in the transcript?

$\beta$, $\delta$, and $\gamma$.

What does the mnemonic 'SNARLD' represent in Spanish phonology?

The consonants permitted in the word-final position: $s$, $n$, $r$, $l$, and $d$.

What is an example of metathesis in African American English (AAE)?

Pronouncing "ask" as "aks".

In Mandarin Chinese, which consonants are allowed in the final position?

Only $n$ and $\eta$.

What phonemes are absent in the Korean language according to the notes?

Labiodental, interdental, and palatal fricatives.

What is the difference between sequential and simultaneous bilingualism?

Sequential is when L2 is learned after L1; simultaneous is when L1 and L2 are learned at the same time.

Define 'the silent period' in language acquisition.

A quiet phase where the learner focuses on understanding the new language before speaking.

What are the five types of Dysarthria and their associated damage sites?

Spastic (upper motor neuron), Mixed (several types), Flaccid (lower motor neuron), Ataxic (cerebellar damage), and Hypokinetic (Parkinson's).

What is Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)?

An impairment of purposeful production and prosody due to central nervous system programming issues, not muscle weakness.

What does Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) target?

Loudness and increasing phonation to improve speech intelligibility.

How do Articulation Disorders differ from Phonological Disorders?

Articulation disorders are phonetic/motor production impairments (isolated errors), while Phonological disorders are phonemic/linguistic/cognitive impairments (systemic patterns).

What is the primary characteristic of the Cycles Approach?

It is used for highly unintelligible children, targeting 3 to 6 different patterns of phonemes for 60 minutes per cycle.

At what ages are Final Consonant Deletion and Cluster Reduction typically suppressed?

Final Consonant Deletion is suppressed by Age 3; Cluster Reduction is suppressed by about Age 5.

What is the difference between blocked and random practice schedules in motor learning?

In blocked practice, targets are practiced many times in a row; in random practice, different targets are mixed together unpredictably.

Differentiate between 'knowledge of results' and 'knowledge of performance' feedback.

Knowledge of results indicates if the response was correct/incorrect; knowledge of performance explains why (e.g., placement or movement).

What are the three core behaviors of stuttering?

Repetitions, prolongations, and blocks.

What are the three stuttering modification methods associated with Van Riper (1973)?

Cancellations, Pull-outs, and Preparatory sets.

What are the primary symptoms of a voice disorder?

Hoarseness, vocal fatigue, breathy voice, reduced phonation range, aphonia, pitch breaks, strain/struggle, tremor, and pain.

What speech characteristics are common in individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP)?

Hypernasality, harsh voice, slow rate, poor breath control, and errors in fricatives, affricates, and clusters.

What are common compensatory articulations used by children with a cleft palate?

Glottal stops and pharyngeal stops.