Historic London Study Guide

Who founded the British Museum

Sir Hans Sloane

British Museum Slogan

“Museum of the world for the world”

St James Palace: who built it and who was the last to live there?

Henry VIII built and George III was last to live there

What defined the city?

A wall

3 things the Romans built in Londinium

Basilica and forum, amphitheater, a wall

Who was Boudica?

Burned down the City of Londinium after she did not get her half of the land promised to her once her husband died. Her daughters were also raped.

Why did the Romans leave Britain?

The Roman Empire was being attacked, and they could not send help

Who was the emperor who founded Londinium?

Claudius

What is Londinium known as today?

City of London, Square Mile, Financial District

What year did the Great Fire take place?

1666

Who was the monarch during the Great Fire?

Charles II

Whose diary gave us a firsthand account of the fire?

Samuel Pepys

What was the restoration?

After the English Civil War, Charles I was executed and Oliver Cromwell ruled England as a republic. After Cromwell died, the monarchy was restored in 1660 when Charles II returned as king.

What was the dynasty after the Tudors?

The Stewarts: Elizabeth vs. Mary Queen of Scots (beheaded)/Catholics vs. Protestants

What was the Reformation?

Henry VIII changed religion from Catholic to Protestant

Why was there a rebellion in 1381 (Peasant’s Revolt)

Poll tax caused a rebellion due to financial hardship

Who commissioned the Tower of London?

William the Conqueror

What was the Tower of London’s purpose?

To awe and subdue the Londoners and keep William the Conqueror safe

Who were the two beheaded wives of Henry VIII?

Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn

Who was Thomas More?

Refused to sign Act of Supremacy to make Henry VIII head of the church, though they were previously friends. Put on trial, found guilty, and beheaded

Who killed the 2 little boys in the Tower of London?

Believed to be Richard III

Who was Henry VIII’s son?

Edward VI (ruled for 6 years)

Who was the last of the Tudors?

Queen Elizabeth I

Why were the crown jewels destroyed?

Destroyed when Oliver Cromwell is the Lord and Protector to signal no more monarchy

What is the surname of the royal family?

The Windsors. Changed their name because they were fighting the Germans and had a German last name (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha)

Who built Westminster Abbey?

Edward the Confessor (King of England)

Where was the original Westminster Abbey built?

Thorney Island (a marshland), stood out as a jewel away from the city; also built a palace and royal precinct here

When and where was Edward, the Confessor buried?

Died in 1065, and buried in Westminster Abbey as it was just completed

Who has been crowned in Westminster Abbey?

Every king and queen but 2 (weren’t in the throne long enough): Edward V and Edward VIII

Where was William the Conqueror from?

Normandy

Controversial pieces in the museum

Rosetta stone, Benin Bronzes (Nigeria fighting to get them back), Easter Island statue stolen and given as gift to Queen Victoria

Westminster City main buildings

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey

Who built the second Westminster Abbey?

Henry III

House of Parliament: where was it built and what are its two parts

Built on the grounds of the original Westminster Abbey and has two parts: House of Commons and House of Lords

Who were the suffragists and the suffragettes and who led each

Suffragists: led by Millicent Fawcett campaigned for women's voting rights through peaceful methods
Suffragettes: led by Emmeline Pankhurst using more militant tactics like protests, hunger strikes, civil disobedience

Grave of the Unknown Warrior

Grave in the center of Westminster Abbey that is walked around and never stepped on. Grave of an unknown WWI soldiers meant as a tribute to all soldiers who died in the conflict

When was the British Empire?

Beginning of 16th century to the end of WWII

Who was the empress of India?

Queen Victoria in 1877

Main ideas of British Empire

Colonization; triangular trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas; trade of slaves who were insured as goods and not people

When was Westminster Abbey built?

1000s

How large was Londinium?

One square mile

Who was responsible for the massive slade trade in London

Charles II and his brother the Duke of York

Who were Henry VIII's 2 daughters?

Mary and Elizabeth

Who founded Londinium?

The Romans