psych 455 ex 3

learning

the process of acquiring new information for potential future use

• must occur for memory to occur

• doesn’t have to be conscious

Memory

• the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information.

• The persistence of learning in a state that can be retrieved later

• consequence of learning

encoding

activate sensory input, bring info in

• the processing of incoming info and experiences

• time period where memories are first acquired

storage

• ability to represent

• the permeant record resulting from the acquisition (creation) and consolidation (maintenance) of info

consolidation

• the process by which memory representations are stored over time.

• believed to include changes in the neuronal processes and brain systems participating in the storage of info

Retrieval

• the using of acquired knowledge

• the utilization of stored info to create a conscious representation or to execute a learned behavior like a motor act

Sensory Memory

• very quick

• easy to forget (purge)

• in real time

• The short-lived retention of sensory information, measurable in milliseconds to seconds, as when we recover what was said to us a moment earlier when we were not paying close attention to the speaker.

• Evolutionarily beneficial for general fitness

  • avoid getting hit by car

  • directions

iconic memory

• visual sensory info

• 300-500ms

• simple visual input

• navigate environment

echoic memory

• auditory sensory memory

• 10ms

• navigate environment

Short-term Memory

• The short-lived retention of sensory information, measurable in milliseconds to seconds, as when we recover what was said to us a moment earlier when we were not paying close attention to the speaker.

• rehearsal

  • 15-30 sec

  • 7+-2

damage to the left perisylvian cortex causes

damage to short-term memory but not long-term memory

model model

suggests that, at each stage, information can be lost by decay, interference, or a combination of the two

decay

information degrades and is lost over time

• not all is gone, bits and pieces left

interference

new information displaces old information

• new gets in the way of the old