Unit 8

analytical intelligence

Problem solving, and analytical skills

Social responsibility & practical wisdom

Contributing to family and community

Environmental/Navigational intelligence

Understanding and adapting to natural surroundings

Inter-rater raliability

The agreement in measurement between two independent administrators/ rates of the instrument

Raliability

Consistency of the results of a measurement

Test-retest reliability

Consistency across attempts

Inter consistency

Degree of consistency among items testing the same construct

Validity

Extent to which a test measures what it is designed to measure

Construct validity

Extent to which a test measures the intended psychological construct

Predictive validity

Extent to which a test performance predicts future performance or real world outcomes

Standardization

The development of uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test

Who created the intelligence scale that used the concept of mental age

Binet Simon

Stanford Binet test

One of the first constructed test designed to see how well someone thinks, learns and solves problems compared to other their age

Spearman’s theory

Intelligence reflects a general ability, the g-factor influences performance across tasks. specific abilities support individual skills.

Wechsler’s theory

Beloved that intelligences consisted of multiple distinct domain (abilities), different domain reflect different types of skills.

Catell’s theory

Intelligence consists of two domains: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

Fluid intelligence

Ability to reason, solve new problems and recognize patterns

Crystalized intelligence

Knowledge gained through experience, learning and culture

Gardener’s multiple intelligence theory

There are at least 8 distinct intelligences, individuals have unique profiles of strengths.

Health when it comes to intelligence

Malnutrition can lower IQ score, iodine deficiency causes a fall, in average of 12 IQ points

Heredity when it comes to intelligence

Genetic factors underlie about 50% of difference in intelligence.

Identical twins raised separately are highly similar in IQ, more that fraternal twins raised together.

Reaction range

It describes how the phenotype of an organism depends both on the organism’s genetic characteristics and the environment

How does the environment correlate to the reaction range

It determines where IQ will lie within the limits.

Socioeconomic status when it comes to intelligence

Lower SES average worse on intelligence test than children with higher SES status

Lower SES kids average 6 points lower at age to than higher SES kids

Behaviourist theory

Language develops through processes of reinforcement and shaping.

Nativist theory

Language is a innate faculty, language is an inborn capacity

Stage 1 of language development is?

Cooing (3-5 months)

Stage 2 of language development is?

Babbling (5-7) months

Stage 3 of language development is?

One-word utterance (12 months)

Stage 4 of language development is?

Two-word utterance (18-24 months)

Stage 5 of language development is?

Sentence-phase (2.5-3 years)

Systemic bias

The systemic and predictable mistakes that influence the judgment of even very talented human beings.

Heuristics

A shortcut used to reduce the amount of thinking that is needed to make decisions

Algorithm

A step-by step systemic approach that when followed correctly always yields the correct results.