words to know chapter 5

alveolus

pertaining to the small air sacs in the lungs

apnea

temporary cessation of breathing

asphyxia

emergency condition where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is impaired in the lungs

aspiration

removal of gas or liquid by suction from a body cavity; inhalation of a foreign body or fluid into the airway

atelectasis

failure of the lung to inflate fully or collapse of part of the lung

bronchiectasis

chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles

bronchiolitis

inflammation of the bronchioles

bronchoscope

medical instrament used to examine the interior of the bronchial tree

cough

forceful expulsion of air from the lungs

croup

acute respiratory disease where the epiglottis and trachea swell to cause an obstruction of the airway. It is common in children and symptoms include a barking cough, dyspnea, hoarseness and stridor

cyanosis

bluish appearance of the skin, fingernails, and mucous membranes due to an oxygen deficiency

cystic fibrosis

a genetic condition where the patient producces excess mucus secretions, causing difficulty breathing and interfering with digestion. Symptoms begin in childhood

dysphonia

sifficulty in speakin; also known as hoarseness

dyspnea

difficulty in breathing

endotracheal

within the trachea

epistaxis

nosebleed

expectoration

process of coughing up and spitting out sputum from the lungs, bronchi and trachea

heimlich maneuver

technique for forcing a foreign body to dislodge from the trachea

hemoptysis

spitting up blood

hyperventilation

excess ventilation, increasing the amount of air in th elungs beyond the normal limit

hypoxia

condition of deficient amounts of oxygen in the body tissues

laryngeal

pertaining to the larynx

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

laryngoscope

medical instrument used to examine the interior of the larynx

lobectomy

surgical excision of a lobe of any organ or gland

orthopnea

condition where an individual is unable to breath comfortably when lying flat; only able to breathe comfortably in an upright or sitting position

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura caused by injury, infection, or a tumor; also called pleuritis

pleurodynia

pain in the pleura

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition of the lung caused by the inhalation of dust particles, typically due to an individual’s occupation; leads to hardening of the lung tissue

pneumonectomy

surgical excision of the right or left lung

pneumonitis

inflammation of the lung

pyothorax

pus in the chest cavity

Rale

abnormal lung sound head on ascultation; a cracking, rattling, or bubbling sound

rhinoplasty

surgical repair of the nose

rhinorrhea

discharge from the nose

rhonchus

rattling sound in the throat or bronchial tube; caused by air passing through bronchi that are narrowed by inflammation, spasm, or mucus

sarcoidosis

chronic systemic granulomatous condition, especially involving the lungs. This causes fibrosis of the lungs

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinus cavities

spirometer

medical instrument used to measure lung volumes during inspirations and expiration

sputum

substance coughed up from the lungs; can be watery, thick, purulent, clear, or bloody

stridor

abnormal high-pitched sound when breathing caused by a partial obstruction of the airway

tachypnea

abnormal, rapid breathing

thoracentesis

removal of fluid from the pleural space

thoracotomy

incision into the chest wall

tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils

tracheal

peraining to the trachea

tracheostomy

new opening into the trachea

tracheotomy

incision into the trachea

tuberculosis

bacterial infection of the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

wheezing

abnormal lung sound; high pitched whistling sound caused by constriciton of the airway