Phonetics Exam chapter 5

anita thames

manner, place, and voicing

what is the three productions of consonants?

manner of production

• refers to how the airstream is modified as it passes through the vocal tract

• how sound is produced

place of articulation

refers to which articulators are involved during production

voicing

whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating

sonorant

vibration throughout the vocal tract

sonorant

is nasals sonorant or obstruent

sound source is the vibrating vocal folds

what is the sound source of nasal sounds

obstruents

when the airflow is obstructed during their articulation

at the point of obstruction/barrier

where is the sound source for an obstruent consonant

stops, fricatives, affricative

what consonants are obstruents?

cognants

pair of consonants that are different or vary only in voicing they both have the same manner and place

/t/, /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /th/, /tʃ/

What are voiceless cognants?

/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /th/, /dʒ/

what are voiced cognants?

sound source is through a constriction

what is the sound source of a fricative

produced by combining a stop with a fricative

how is a affricative produced

1. is at the point of constriction

2. is vibrating vocal folds

what are the sound sources of an affricative

at the beginning

The phoneme /ŋ/ doesn’t occur at what position in a syllable?

at the end

The phoneme /ʒ/ doesn’t occur at what position in a syllable?

at the end

The phoneme /h/ doesn’t occur at what position in a syllable?

at the end

The phoneme /j/ doesn’t occur at what position in a syllable?

at the end

The phoneme /w/ doesn’t occur at what position in a syllable?

true

ture or false: all sonorants are voiced

nasals, liquids, and glides

What are the sonorant consonants?

prevocalic

consonants that occur before the vowel

postvocalic

consonants that occur after a vowel

intervocalic

consonants that occur between a vowel

by completely obstructing the airstream once it enters the oral cavity

how are stops produced

intraoral pressure

air pressure within the oral cavity increases due to the impeded airstream cannot escape the oral cavity

by forcing the breath stream or constriction, in the vocal tract

how are fricatives produced

/p/

voiceless, bilabial stop

/b/

voiced, bilabial stop

/t/

voiceless, alveolar stop

/d/

voiced, alveolar stop

/k/

voiceless, velar stop

/g/

voiced, velar stop

/m/

voiced, bilabial nasal

/n/

voiced, alveolar nasal

/ŋ/

voiced, velar nasal

/f/

voiceless, labiodental fricative

/v/

voiced, labiodental fricative

/th/

voiceless, interdental fricative

/th/ (upside down 6)

voiced, interdental fricative

/s/

voiceless, alveolar fricative

/z/

voiced, alveolar fricative

/ʃ/

voiceless, postalveolar fricative

/ʒ/

voiced, postalveolar fricative

/h/

voiceless, glottal fricative

/t͡ʃ/

voiceless, postalevolar affricative

/dʒ/

voiced, postalveolar affricative

/j/

voiced, palatal glide

/w/

voiced, labiovelar glide

/r/

voiced, palatalveolar liquid

/l/

voiced, alveolar liquid