Thalamus

final, cerebral cortex

thalamus is the final brain center where ______ information is organized before being trasmitted to ______

sensory, motor

thalamus is a major relay/modulation center and receives all _____ inputs and received/processes all internal _____ systems

arousal

main functions: general _____ via connections with the reticular activating system projecting to the cortex

sensory

main function: _____ connections- transmits and modulates input from the spinal cord/brainstem to cortex

motor

general functions: _____ connections-relays information from the basal ganglia/cerebellum to the cortex

emotional

general functions: ______ tone and affect-connects the limbic system with prefrontal cortex, influencing affect and behavior

affect

anterior zone effect

arousal

medial zone effect

sensory/motor relay

lateral zone effect

sensory

posterior zone effect

anterior

_____ nucleus: relays information from subcortical limbic structures to cortical limb structures

dorsomedial

______ nucleus: relays infromation to and from the prefrontal lobe to contribute to judgement and reasoning

ventral anterior

______ nucleus: relays information from globus pallidus of basal ganglia and projects to PMC and SMA

ventral lateral

______ nucleus: relays information from cerebellum to M1 for motor output regulation/coordination

VPM, VPL

ventral posterior nucleus: ____ and ____ relay somatosensory information to the cortex

VPI

ventral posterior nucleus: ____ relays vestibular information to the cortex

pulvinar

_____ nucleus: reciprocal connections with 2 degree sensory cortex areas (parietal lobe, occipital lobe, angular gyrus, and supermarginal gyrus)

lateral geniculate

_____ nucleus: relays visual information from retinas to primary visual cortex

medial geniculate

______ nucleus: relays auditory information from inferior colliculus to primary auditory cortex

white

internal capsule is made of ____ matter

internal capsule-_____: affective and executive function information to prefrontal and cingulate cortex

genu

internal capsule-_____: motor output (UMNs) from motor cortex, corticobulbar

posterior

internal capsule-_____: basal ganglia and cerebellar input to motor cortex via thalamus, motor output from motor cortex, sensory input to sensory cortex

VPL, spinothalamic

thalamic pain syndrome is common with a MCA embolism, likely due to an event in the ____/_______ tract

burning, touch

thalamic pain syndrome causes spontaneous _____ pain and _____-induced pain

limited

thalamic pain syndrome has a ____ treatment efficacy