Respiratory system week 5

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system for exam preparation.

Nasopharynx

The part of the pharynx that extends from the posterior nares to the soft palate; contains openings for the auditory (eustachian) tubes.

Oropharynx

The space between the soft palate and the base of the tongue; contains palatine and lingual tonsils.

Laryngopharynx

The part of the pharynx that passes dorsal to the larynx and connects to the esophagus.

Larynx

Formed by nine pieces of cartilage, the larynx is responsible for sound production and protecting the airway.

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to direct food into the esophagus.

Thyroid Cartilage

The largest piece of cartilage in the larynx, often referred to as the Adam's apple.

Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords.

Trachea

A rigid tube supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage, connecting the larynx to the bronchi.

Bronchial Tree

The branching structure of airways that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi, leading to bronchioles and alveoli.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Inspiration

The process of inhalation where the diaphragm contracts, enlarging the thoracic cavity and drawing air into the lungs.

Expiration

The process of exhalation where the diaphragm relaxes and air is pushed out of the lungs.

Pulmonary Function Tests

Tests that measure lung function including volumes of air inhaled and exhaled.

Adventitious Sounds

Unexpected sounds heard during breathing, indicating abnormal lung function.

Hyperventilation

Deeper respirations at a normal rate, which may indicate respiratory distress.

Apnea

The absence of breathing, which may occur periodically.

Mechanical Ventilation

A method to artificially support a patient's breathing when they are unable to do so on their own.