AP world units 8/9

romanticism

art style thats about feeling

Roman

romanticism derives from this word which is French for "novel"

Freidrich

made the Wanderer in the Sea of Fog-boat image

Turner

his art focused on nature and landscapes

Delacroix

his art was exotic, passionate, theatrical

Goethe-Faust

wrote "Werther" and is seen as the worlds smartest being

Victor Hugo

he made the Hunchback of Notre Dame and Les Miserables

Mary Shelley

made frankenstein

Realism

an artistic and literary movement focused on portraying everyday life, working-class subjects, and contemporary reality with photographic detail and sincerity

Gustave Courbet

made the painting "The Stone Breakers"

Jean-Francois Millet

made landscape paintings including Spring at Barbizon and Autumn Landscape with a Flock of Turkeys

Interpretive Art

the technological rise of photography led to this kind of art

Impressionism

a radical 19th-century art movement (originating in 1870s Paris) that revolutionized painting by abandoning traditional, detailed studio work for spontaneous outdoor scenes

Renoir

french painter known for his vibrant use of color

Degas(movement)

artist associated with impressionism, renowned for his depictions of ballet dancers and everyday scenes, capturing movement with remarkable skill

Monet(the play of light), Renoir, Degas

The three Impressionist artists

Cezanne

french post impressionism painter who used bold color and geometric form to depict nature and still life

Van Gogh

a prominent post-impressionist painter known for his expressive use of color and emotive brushwork, most famous for works like "Starry Night" and "Sunflowers."

Gauguin, Van Gogh, Cezanne(mood)

the post impressionist artists

expressionism

an early 20th-century modernist movement, primarily in Germany and Austria, that prioritizes subjective emotion over objective reality

Seurat

expressionist artist who made paintings out of dots(pointillism)

Fauvism

a short-lived, early 20th-century French art movement known for using bold, non-naturalistic, and highly saturated colors applied with energetic brushstrokes

Matisse

Fauvist artist who used spontaneous distortion

Cubism

a revolutionary art movement that rejected traditional perspective and modeling to represent subjects from multiple viewpoints simultaneously;used by Picasso

Futurism

Italian art movement that celebrated speed, technology, youth, and industrialization;used by Chagall

Modern Art

artistic works produced roughly between the 1860s and the 1960s, characterized by a deliberate rejection of traditional academic styles, techniques, and realistic representation;used by Pollock

The Great War

other name for WWI

militarism

the M in MANIA

Alliances

the 1st A in MANIA

Nationalism

the N in MANIA

imperialism

The I in MANIA

Assassination

the 2nd A in MANIA

Chauvinusm

exaggerated or aggressive patriotism

Jingoism

Extreme, passive Patriotism

Triple Entente

alliance of France, Britain, and Russia

Triple Alliance

alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

the powder keg of Europe

nickname for the Balkans

The Black Hand

Group dedicated to creating a better Serbia; Princip(man who assassinated Ferdinand) was part of this group

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's 1905 operational strategy to avoid a two-front war during World War I by rapidly invading France through neutral Belgium

June 28, 1914

the date Francis Ferdinand was assassinated

July 28, 1914

WWI was declared on this day

A new place in the sun

the Kaiser of Germany delcared that Germany would be called this

Stalemate

phrase meaning no one is winning(the war)

No Man's Land

Average time was spent here by trench-fighting soldiers

air, sea, and land

the new types of warfare

Zeppolin

German ship like a hot air balloon

The U-Boat

german submarine

mustard gas

new chemical gas

Gauguin

a post-impressionist artist known for his use of bold colors and innovative styles, often depicting scenes from Tahiti that reflected his search for a simpler, more primal artistic expression.

Monet

a founding figure of the Impressionist movement, renowned for his innovative approach to capturing light and atmosphere in his paintings, most famously exemplified in series like "Water Lilies" and "Impression, Sunrise."

Seesaw Battle

a contest, game, or conflict where the lead continuously shifts back and forth between opponents, creating a high-stakes, unpredictable, and intense scenario

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

treaty signed by Russia, Russia will not fight against Austria-Hungary

Zimmerman Telegram

a secret 1917 diplomatic communication from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the United States

November 11, 1918

the day the armistice was signed to end WWI

incumbent

the name for an existing office holder

Hindenberg(Hinman)

presidential candidate who was a military officer, politician-served as 2nd president of Germany

Duesterburg(Dustin)

presidential candidate who was Lt. Colonel, Anti-Semitic, led a military based political organization

Thaelmann(Taylor)

presidential candidate who was leader of Communist Party of Germany

Hitler(Hunter)

presidential candidate who served in German Army, head of a political party)(bitten from war, Germany given the blame

war guilt

after the blame for ww1 was placed on germany, they received this type of guilt

Alsace-Lorraine

German territory that was lost and returned to France

Inflation

When money loses its value, so you need more money to pay for the same thing

Hyperinflation

inflation that is very high and out of control;prices increase so fast and by enormous amounts

October 1929

date of the US stock market crash

Stock

a share of a company

Go Public

open up ownership of company to the public

Initial Public Offering

what does IPO stand for

capitalism

the means of production is privately owned(private ownership)

Aryan Race

a scientifically discredited, late-19th-century concept that falsely defined a superior, white, non-Jewish, Nordic, or Germanic "master race"

Mein Kampf

german world for "my struggle"

Mussolini

Italian dictator

Il Duce

italian for "the leader"; other name for Mussolini

Black Shirts/Squadristi

followers of Mussolini

socialism

means of production is owned by the people or state on behalf of the people(shared ownership)

glorification of the state

when italy wanted to return to the glory of rome, this was called:

communism

extreme socialism with a classless society

Marx

predicted that Capitalism would fall by a violent revolution into the next phases

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)

new name given to Russia by Lenin and Bolsheviks

facism

glorification of the state

mensheviks(whites)

russian group led by Martov;gradual change to a revolution

Bolsheviks(reds)

radical group led by Lenin

The New Deal

a series of U.S. government programs, public work projects, and financial reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1939. Its purpose was to provide relief for the unemployed, recovery for the economy, and reform of the financial system to end the Great Depression

communist party

the bolsheviks were named this

5 year plans

lacked industrialization, Stalin made plan to get up to speed with the rest of Europe, make steel

picasso

Spanish painter, sculptor, and co-founder of the Cubist movement

chagall

Russian-French artist and a pioneering modernist known for his vibrant, dreamlike, and poetic paintings that drew from Jewish folklore, memory, and love

Princip

Serbian who assassinated Ferdinand, member of Black Hand

Ferdinand

Austrian archduke shot by princip

Bismarck

was a Prussian statesman and the first Chancellor of the German Empire, known as “The Iron Chancellor”

Realpolitik

a system of politics based on practical, tangible factors—such as power, national interest, and security—rather than on moral, ideological, or ethical premises. It prioritizes "what works" over "what is right”

Trench Warfare

a type of defensive combat, most notably during World War I, where armies dug extensive, parallel networks of deep ditches to escape overwhelming machine-gun and artillery fire

National Socialist German Workers Party

commonly known as the Nazi Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945

Woodrow Wilson

was the 28th U.S. President, a Progressive Democrat, and a scholar who led the U.S. through World War I

14 Points of Peace

a proposal for world peace outlined by United States President Woodrow Wilson on January 8, 1918, in a speech to a joint session of Congress

Treaty of Versailles

formally ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany

Isolationism

a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

League of Nations

an international organization founded on January 10, 1920, by the Paris Peace Conference following World War I to prevent war through collective security, disarmament, and negotiation

Okies

Americans who migrated, mostly from Oklahoma and surrounding Dust Bowl states, to California during the 1930s

Hoovervilles

shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression

Reds vs Whites

The other name for the Russian civil war between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks