communication

Definition of communication

transmitting info - sending and recieving messages

Berlo’s model of communication

Sending ^{encodes —>} Message —> Channel —> ^{decodes —>} Reciever

Linear Model

Sender —> Reciever. You cannot respond. Mass communication. Movies, Radio, Podcast. One way communication.

Interactional Model

_{^{S —> R}}

_{^{R ←- S}} Pause between sending and recieving messages. Text Messages, Email. Not face to face.

Transactional Model

^{S/R ←→ S/R} Simultaneously sending and recieving messages. No pauses between sending messages and recieiving body language.

Physical noise

Noise that you can hear

Psychological Noise

Your thoughts and feelings

Noise

interference from messaes due to background stuff - anything that distracts from messages

Realities (Axioms) of communication

Inevitable - You cannot avoid communication

Irreversible - You cannot take back what you have said

Unrepeatable - You can never communicate something the exact same way a second time

Symbols are..

The most basic level to communication

What is a symbol?

Symbols are..

Arbitrary - Not naturally occuring, or assigned meaning

Ambigious - Could have multiple meanings

Abstract - ?? opposite of obvious/ well known

Keith Burk’s Theory

Language reflects, selects, and deflects

Reflecting reality

Connect to those who have similar experiences to you

Select reality

A connection someone instilled in your mind

Deflect reality

If no one speaks about something, it does not exist to you

Albert Mehrabian

Claimed that 7% of communication is verbal, 55% is body language, and 38% is vocal

kinesic

non-verbal that deals with body language and movement

proxemics

proximatey or closeness to other people and the stuff we put between us and others

chronemics

assign meaning with issues of time. How late/early someone is, how long it takes to do something

paralanguage

tone, pitch, and cadance

Artifacts

the stuff we adorn our person and our property with

Autonomic Bodily Output (ABO)

Stuff your body does that you cannot control; sweat, bloating, sneezing, etc

Haptics

how we touch things and other people as well as yourself

Analytical

Analytical - You have a need to always be right or factually correct

Need - to be right

orientation - thinking

growth action - to delcare

Controls/Asks

Amiable

Ambiable - Likes company of others/friends

Need - personal security

orientation - relationships

growth action - to iniate

emotes/asks

Driver

Driver - task oriented, not interested in relationships

Need - results/control

orientation - Action

growth action - to listen

Control/tells

Expressive

Expressive - Likes company of others

Need - recognition, to be valued

orientation - spontenuity

growth action - To check in

Emotes/tells

Versatility

Ablitiy to find the best way to speak to someone

Small Groups

3-15 people. Must agree to one specific goal they are trying to accomplish together, have a sense of shared identity, and have influence on one another

Reason people get into groups; 3 I’s

Instramental: Surivival, disperse task, help others

Interpersonal: Need to feel like you belong to a group

Identity: Need to feel like you dont belong to other groups

Work group

Additive - everyone does same thing

Conjunctive - Everyone does something different

3 Group Role Types

Task: Person who assigns deadlines, and gives people jobs

Relational: Socializing, group morale, more productive if we are all happy

Individual: only looking out for themselves, pulling from group goal, talks too much or too little

Culture - 4 Criteria

Learned patterns of perception, values, and behavios shared by a group of people

Critera:

1. Group of people

2. Shared stuff/patterns of behavior (material or non-material)

3. The stuff that connects them internally and makes them identifiable externally

4. potential to pass it on to others

counter culture

you go out of your way to do the opposite of popular culture

Low Culture

cultural behaviors and ideas that are popular

High culture

Cultural Patterns that distinguish a society’s elite

Communication Apprehension

How you feel about communication

State: Depends on the situation

Trait: Equal amounts of nervous energy across all kinds of communication

2 types of fear

Physical - sweat, stutter, tremble

Psychological - Things you fear might happen

Paul Evans / Livy Spears

Good Public Speakers have 3 C’s

Content, Confidence, and Connection

Aristole -

Ethos - Speakers character credibility to the audience

Logos - How logical and rational speaker seems to the audience

Pathos - How speaker appeals to emotions, or what they make the audience feel

Livy, Paul, and Aristole say..

Connecion/Ethos is the most important.

3 reasons - Cicero

To persuade, to inform, to entertain

A -R-E

Persuasive

A - Arguement; Thesis, claim, what you should do

R - Reason; Why you should do it

E - Evidence; prove this will effect you

The reasoning holds the argument together, at least one E for every R.

T-S-E

Informative

T - Thesis; main point

S - Subpoints; main ideas in paragraphs

E - Evidence; one for every subpoint

Theory of recency and primary

Recency - Mose recent, remember it more

Primacy - Very first thing you say stays in their head

You want first and last to be most persuasive

Plagarism

When - Quotes, paraphrasing, not common knowledge

Where - In-text, works cited page, verbal

To Be Culture

defined by achievement or stats

To Do culture

experience, going places, doing things

encapsulated marginalized people

border dwellers torn between cultures, dont feel good

constructive marginalized people

feel empowered by multiple cultures