history final

Manifest Destiny

belief that America was destined by God to control all North America continent.

Lone Star Republic

Texas when Texas was independent

Gadsden Purchase

america forced Mexico to sell us more territory or fight another war. Land was intended for new railroad.

Mexican Cession

Land that Mexico and America fought for. America won and got the land ending the mexican-american war.

Oregon Territory

Bought from Britain, where most Americans settled in.

Compromise of 1850

allowed new territories to use popular sovereignty to decide slavery and instituted the fugitive slave act.

Free soil party

Pro labor, created to fight against expansion of slavery, mostly northerners.

Underground Railroad

Series of routes used to help runaway slaves escape to the north.

Dred Scott Decision

He did not have the right to file a lawsuit because he was property and not entitled to freedom because he was in a slave state.

John Brown and Harpers Ferry

John Brown was an abolitionist. Goal was to take weapons, give them to slaves but lost.

Fugitive Slave Act

Ordered all citizens to assist in returning any found runaway slaves. Denied trial by jury to caught runaway slaves.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Centered around political issues, slavery, and expansion into the western territories.

Election of 1860

When Lincoln became President.

Anaconda Plan

North plan to starve the South by blockading their ports with their navy, so nothing could get in or out.

Emancipation Proclamation

It gave confederate states a chance to come back to the union.

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point in the Civil War in PA. The north won the battle.

Gettysburg Address

Lincolns famous speech after the Battle of Gettysburg commemorating fallen union soldiers.

Total war and Shermans March to the sea

His army’s March from mississippi to the beaches of Georgia. Strategy when everyone is targeted and used by Sherman

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

All people born in the United States got citizenship.

15th Amendment

Voting rights to any citizens could not be hindered due to race, creed, or religion.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Aided poor southern whites and former slaves by giving out clothing and food.

Radical Republicans

They thought south was the same as prior to the war and were abolitionists.

Scalawags

Insulting name for a white southerner who cooperated with the northern carpetbaggers.

Carpetbaggers

Insulting word for a northerner who moved south after war to help reconstruction.

Tenant Farming

Pay for parts of the land.

Sharecropping

System where landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop.

Ku Klux Klan

Started as a social group in the south. Became a violent reaction to post civil war reconstruction policies. Was a white supremacist and terrorist group.

Battle of Wounded Knee

An American general “accidentally” fired a shot and 300 Sioux were massacred.

Sitting Bull

Leader of the Sioux natives.

Reservations

Native American land

Assimilation

A minority groups adoption of beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture.

Homestead Act

Any family can become owner of 160 acres of land if they live on it and farm it for 5 years.

Dawes Act

Broke up the native reservations and any remaining reservation land was given up to white settlers.

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad track that spanned from east to west coast in an attempt to connect two sides of the country.

Andrew Carnegie

Was an Immigrant, led the massive expansion of the steel industry.

John D Rockefeller

Created a monopoly from his oil refinery

JP Morgan

Controlled his own company, was financer and investment banker.

George Pullman

Created different cars for railroads.

Social Darwinism

Idea that stated the poor must be lazy and deserved what they had.

Haymarket Riot

3000 union members protested against police brutality.

Pullman Strike

Pullman cut wages and workers protested by not working.

Homestead Strike

Steel workers refused to work due to wage cuts.

Great Strike of 1877

workers in Baltimore for the railroad company refused to work due to the wage cut.

Boss Tweed

Most famous of any “bosses” of the political machines,. Was the city boss or New York.

Political Machine

Organization that controlled activities of political party in a city. The goal was to win elections and gain power/wealth.

Nativism

Political idea that prioritizes your native rights.

Chinese Exclusion Act

First law to ban an ethnic group from immigrating into the United States.

Gentlemen’s Agreement

Arrangment between the United States and Japan to ease tensions over immigration.

difference between Angel Island and Ellis Island

Ellis Island was a welcoming getaway for European Immigrants but Angel Island was a detention center aimed at excluding Asian immigrants.

How did Manifest Destiny encourage western expansion?

People who believed in Manifest Destiny believed it was their God given right to explore and take the land in the west part of the country which led to people expanding in the west.

What were Lincoln’s views on slavery?

At first his goal was just to stop slavery from spreading but eventually changed to him wanting to abolish slavery.

How did the discussion of slavery lead to violence in America?

Some people thought slavery was necessary and wanted to keep it but some people thought slavery was unnecessary and thought it should be abolished.

Why did the South secede from the Union?

The South seceded because they wanted to keep slavery, but they would not be able to do that if they stayed with the union.

What were some advantagesand disadvantages of the Union and the Confederacy?

The Union had more supplies, population, and railroads, but lacked military leadership and motivation. The Confederacy had more geography, motiviation, and leadership, but lack of industry and population.

What was the role of women and African Americans during the Civil War?

While the men were away at war, the women would manage the farms, become spies, were battlefield nurses. African Americans inlisted in the military to become soldiers in the war and some were also spies.

Why did radical republicans in congress want to be in charge of Reconstruction?

The raidical republicans in congress did not like Johnson’s plan and thought that he was being too lenient to the south.

How did politics and economics play a role in the republican party’s diwnfall during Reconstruction?

There was a lot of economic depression and people were sent into a panic because of that, and there was also a lot of political scandals with political figures.

Why did Reconstruction end?

Reconstruction ended because President Johnson did not support it and it went against what the people wanted.

What were some conflicts that arose between the United States and Plain Indians during this time period?

America wanted to take the land from the Plain Indians. Also, the railroads were killing the buffalo. Natives thought that if they did not stand up they would eventually be wiped out.

How did the American Government try to assimilate Native Americans.

The American Government made special boarding schools for the Native Americans to try and “Americanize” them. They also cut their hair, forced them to only speak english, and made them all dress the same.

How did the transcontinental railroad change American society?

The railroad promoted labor for immigrants, allowed companies to expand, people were able to move, made for easy transportation, and coast to coast connection.

What was the main goal of unions during the 2nd Industrial Revolution?

The main goal was to protect workers rights, improve their quality of life by highering wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions.

Why did Jacob Riis create “How The Other Half Lives”?

To show the severe seperation between the wealthy and the extremely poor people in poverty.

What were some differences between old immigrants and new immigrants?

Old immigrants were from the north west part of Europe and the new were from the south east part of Europe.

What were some ways political machines influenced American politics?

They provided essential social services like jobs, housing, and food to newly arrived immigrants and in return the immigrants would give their vote up to that politcal figure.