BIOL: Lipids- Types of Macromolecules

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Last updated 8:43 PM on 6/17/26
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18 Terms

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What are the 3 types of Lipids?

  1. Fats

  2. Phospholipids

  3. Steroids

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What do fats consist of?

Glycerol and fatty acids

<p>Glycerol and fatty acids </p>
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Formula for Saturated fatty acids

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2…COO

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Formula for Unsaturated fatty acids

CH3CH2CH=CHCH2…COO

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Characteristics of Saturated fatty acids

  • Contains 1 single covalent bond between carbons

  • Simplified structure /\/\/\/\/\/ zig zag

  • Solid at room temp.

  • ex) butter, lard, animal fat (Can cause heart disease)

<ul><li><p>Contains 1 single covalent bond between carbons</p></li><li><p>Simplified structure /\/\/\/\/\/ zig zag</p></li><li><p>Solid at room temp.</p></li><li><p>ex) butter, lard, animal fat (Can cause heart disease)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Characteristics of Unsaturated fatty acids

  • Contains at least 1 DOUBLE covalent bond

  • Two types, Cis and Trans unsaturated fatty acids

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Cis Unsaturated fatty acids

  • Double covalent bond creates more kinks in structure

  • Liquid at room temp

  • ex) cooking oil (causes less heart problems)

<ul><li><p>Double covalent bond creates <u>more kinks</u> in structure </p></li><li><p>Liquid at room temp</p></li><li><p>ex) cooking oil (causes less heart problems)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Trans Unsaturated fatty acid

  • Double covalent bonds with no kinks

  • Solid at room temp. (Like saturated fat) - causes heart problems

<ul><li><p>Double covalent bonds with <u>no kinks</u></p></li><li><p>Solid at room temp. (Like saturated fat) - causes heart problems</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How are the 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol?

The Condensation Reaction

<p>The Condensation Reaction</p>
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Are fats long or short term energy storage?

Long term in plants and animals

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  1. Phospholipids consist of?

  1. Glycerol “water loving head”

  2. A phosphate group “water loving head”

  3. A nitrogen group “water loving head”

  4. 2 fatty acids “water hating tails”

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What do membranes of all cells consist of?

Phospholipid Bilayer

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Structure of Phospholipids

  • Hydrophilic heads point AWAY from each other

  • Tails form a hydrophobic core

<ul><li><p>Hydrophilic heads point AWAY from each other</p></li><li><p>Tails form a hydrophobic core</p></li></ul><p></p>
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  1. Steroids consist of?

  1. Cholesterol

  2. Sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen)

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Steroids structure?

  • 4 interconnected rings

<ul><li><p>4 interconnected rings </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Function of Cholesterol?

  • Maintains the flexibility of a cell membrane

  • We make cholesterol in our livers and eat it through our food

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Function of Steroid hormones

  • directs cells to do specialized tasks

  • Sex hormones affect growth and function of reproductive organs

  • Cortisone is active in carbohydrate metabolism and treats allergic reactions

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SUMMARY

  1. Fats

Made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, used for long term storage, saturated and trans fats are unhealthy

  1. Phospholipids

Have a hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails, Cell membranes consist of a bilayer of phospholipids

  1. Steroids

Consists of 4 interconnected rings, cholesterol and sex hormones are examples of steroids