Princeton Quizzes 2.9-2.15

In 1921-22, The Washington Conference (8 countries) reaffirmed the Open Door Policy in China AND set limits on what?

weapons

Prior to World War II in 1928, 62 nations signed which agreement that condemned warfare as a foreign policy?

Kellogg-Briand Pact

What was the name of the United States’ policy toward Latin America in the 1920s, after having taken an “interventionist” approach for so many years?

Good Neighbor Policy

The basic policy remained similar, except that the United States achieved its goals in Latin America by doing two things.  Name either one of them:

military invasions

Name ONE of the two ways in which the U.S. was able to maintain a strong but less threatening military presence in Latin American countries:

military bases

Which country violated an international agreement by invading Manchuria, beginning a war with China?

Japan

What was the word used in the reading to describe the U.S.’s practice of keeping high tariffs during this time period?

protectionism

Which act allowed F.D.R. to reduce tariffs IF he thought it would help achieve foreign policy goals?

reciprocal trade agreement

What name was given to countries that were eligible for the lowest tariffs granted by the U.S.?

most favored nation

Which commission discovered that American arms dealers had acted unethically by lobbying for American entry into WW I and selling arms to fascist governments?

Nye Commission

F.D.R. pursued isolationist goals through a series of

neutrality acts

How did F.D.R. get around those acts, once he decided to supply arms to England, who had run out of money for weapons?

lend-lease act

The TRIPARTITE PACT was an alliance between Japan and what other two countries?

Germany and Italy

How did the United States react to Japanese aggression in French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, etc.)?

embargo on oil

What happened on December 7th, 1941?

Pearl Harbor

Which Secretary of War encouraged F.D. Roosevelt to wait for a Japanese attack in order to win support for American entry into the War?

Henry Stimson

Which strategy involved the Allied Powers' decision to attack Pacific islands before attacking more obvious mainland targets first?

island hopping

Which American officer took credit for America’s “Island Hopping” strategy (aka: leapfrogging) before attacking mainland targets in the Pacific?

Douglas MacArthur

Early in the War, the “Grand Alliance” between the western nations and the Soviet Union was “tense” because Stalin was impatient with the Allies’ delay in opening a “_______________ front.”

western

The development of the first atomic bomb was known as the

Manhattan Project

What was the last name of the couple that were Soviet spies, and who infiltrated the atomic bomb project?

Rosenberg

At the Tehran Conference of the “Big Three” in 1943 (Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin), they planned which invasion?

D-day

What was the Big Three (Tehran Conference) decision regarding Germany after the War?

occupation zones

The Soviets suffered the most losses in the War and – as a result – they decided to recoup their losses by occupying

eastern europe

Which wartime government agency oversaw the mobilization of industry around the war effort?

War Production Board

As a response to so many union strikes in essential wartime industries, the government gave itself permission to take control of such industries as a result of which Act?

Labor Disputes Act

In terms of growth, how much bigger did the U.S. government become during the War?

3x

The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 instituted the first peacetime draft, and still requires male citizens to register for the draft within ________ days after turning 18

30

More than 1 million African Americans served in the military during WW II, but they lived and worked in

segregated units

Which president’s administration finally desegregated the military?

Truman

Which female image became famous on posters during the War, and symbolized the millions of women who worked in war-related jobs?

Rosie the Riveter

During WW II, 110,000 Asian Americans (Japanese) were placed in internment camps.  Approximately how many of them were charged with crimes?

none

What did the Schenck case of 1919 say about citizens’ rights?

can be violated during war

In February 1945, allied leaders redrew the world map at which conference?

yalta

Because Stalin wanted to create a buffer zone between the Soviet Union and Western Europe, he surrounded himself with “friendly” nations and he promised that he would do what in those nations after the war?

free elections

The nations which Stalin controlled after the War became known as Soviet S

Satellites

Together the nations that Stalin controlled after the War became known as the  “I_____________ C_____________,” which was a term coined by Winston Churchill.

Iron curtain

Which international organization was created near the end of the War to mediate international disputes?

united nations

Harry Truman represented the United States at which postwar conference to decide how to implement decisions made at a previous conference?

potsdam

Which term of surrender did the Japanese refuse, which then provoked the United States into dropping the atomic bombs?

removing emperor

In addition to sparing human lives in an invasion of Japan, name ONE OTHER reason why the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Japan (per Princeton):

intimidate ussr

Name ONE of the atomic bomb targets in Japan

hiroshima

At the end of the War, the world's two leading political systems were in contention against one another.  They were C_________________ vs. C_________________

communism vs capitalism

Why was the post-WWII power struggle called “the Cold War?”

no active war

Name EITHER of the two “proxy” wars between the new superpowers, the U.S. and Soviet Union:

vietnam

What was the purpose of  the Truman Doctrine:

to stop communism

Describe the Marshall Plan

12 billion to Europe

The idea of “containment” was first articulated in the LONG TELEGRAM, written by George

Kennan

The United States, Canada, and numerous Western European countries formed an alliance known as __________________ (acronym okay) in 1949

NATO

A crisis in ________________ (city) helped convince Congress to support a mutual defense alliance with Canada and western European countries. 

Berlin

What was it called when the Soviets closed off access to Berlin in 1948?

Berlin Blockade

Germany was divided into four zones, with which four powers occupying Germany?

USSR, USA, France, Britain

Fear of a Soviet invasion caused the U.S. to create two new government agencies.  Name either one of them:

national security council

Which government document suggested that the U.S. invest much more $ in military spending because we couldn’t trust other countries to protect us from communism? NSC______ (number)

68

Which two Asian issues dominated U.S. policy there during the Cold War?

korea and vietnam

Which group of Chinese fought the communists but lost and were exiled to Taiwan?

nationalist government

With which Chinese leader did the U.S. create an alliance to battle Mao Zedong’s communist revolution?

Chiang Kai-Sheks

Which country did Truman and the U.S. support in order to suppress a Vietnamese war for independence in Indochina (ca. 1950’s)

France

Which state department official was found guilty of consorting with a communist spy? (1949)

Alger Hiss

Who led a “witch hunt” to root out Communists in the State Department, which resulted in the ruination of 1,000’s of innocent people?

McCarthy

Who’s television show helped bring down the senator that had led the witch hunt against communists in the U.S.?

Murrow

The “New Conservatism” after the War ushered in a wave of anti-unionism when various industrial workers went on strike.  Which union’s strike drastically affected many other industries?

United Mine Workers

Describe ONE of Truman’s policies that alienated many southern voters:

desegregating army

Which group of southern segregationist Democrats supported Strom Thurmond for president in 1948 because they were angry about Truman’s progressive policies on race?

dixiecrats

Which piece of legislation prohibited closed shops (union only shops)?

Taft-Hartley Act

Which country came to North Korea’s aid when the United States invaded North Korea?

USSR

Why did Truman fire General MacArthur? (word OR an explanation):

insubordination

Republicans took a page out of the old “Whig playbook” by nominating a war hero for the 1952 election.  Who did they nominate?

eisenhower

The 1952 Democratic candidate was Adlai Stevenson but who did they originally want as their presidential candidate?  _________________________ (last name okay)

Eisenhower

which communist leader suggested it was more favorable towards women

khrushchev

A decent job, a house in the suburbs, and access to modern conveniences was known as the good life or…

consumerism

Serviceman’s ReAdjustment act, which provided allowance for education and living expenses for returning soldiers, was more commonly known as the

G I Bill of Rights

List Two types of artforms that were representative of the spiritual unrest in the 1950s

teen movies, beat poetry and novels

what music genre emerged in the 1950s

rock and roll

eisenhower reduced spending on troops and increased spending on powerful weapons systems, which resulted in

new look army

which new deal program continued to grow under eisenhower despite efforts to reduce government spending in the 1950s

social security

which eisenhower invention made it easier to move troops and missiles around, and promoted tourism?

interstate highways

what was the name of eisenhower’s policy regarding native american reservations

termination

eisenhower failed to take native american priorities into account T or F

T

eisenhower tried to increase federal responsibility for natives and reduce state power T or F

F

generally speaking, all native american tribes were much better off during the eisenhower administration T or F

F

which legal case overturned the separate but equal policy of plessy v ferguson

Brown v Board of Education of Topeka

which supreme court justice fought for brown in the legal case that overturned plessy v ferguson

Marshall

what did some southern schools do to prevent black students from enrolling in a high school

private school tuition

which state’s government closed schools in order to prevent black students from enrolling, and later closed public schools for two years

arkansas

which military force was called to prevent black students from enrolling in arkansas high schools

state national guard

what was the name given to the black students who could not go to school in arkansas

little rock 9

in what city did rosa park’s actions cause a bus boycott

montgomery

why was rosa parks arrested

kept seat on bus

name one of the two historical figures (men) who inspired martin luther king jr

gandhi

at what variety store’s lunch counter did students in greensboro NC arrange a sit-in to protest “whites only” service?

whoolsworth

John Foster Dulles coined what term in order to describe an American nuclear attack that would result from Soviet Aggression

massive retaliation

what is the term that described soviet fear of a nuclear counter-attack that would prevent them from challenging the US and which led to an arms race

deterrence

what does M.A.D stand for

mutually assured distruction

what word refers to willingness to allow confrontations that might escalate towards war

brinksmanship

trouble in which country first led to the use of the term “domino theory”

vietnam

which soviet leader called for peaceful coexistence between the Soviet Union and the US

khrushchev

the development of russia’s first hydrogen bomb and the launch of the soviet satellite sputnik led to the creation of which american agency

NASA

tensions surrounding which two chinese islands represented a good example of brinksmanship

quemoy and matsu

describe “third world”

did not ally with USA or USSR