W2L

Role of cerebellum (motor)

Evaluate body position, force, direction, and extent of contraction needed. Send signals to motor cortex for smooth movement.

Cognitive role of cerebellum

Emotion and memory, intellect, cognition, recall, personality, judgment, reasoning, persistence, and conscious

Components of limbic system

Rhinencephalon, amygdala, hypothalamus, anterior nucleus of thalamus

Function of limbic system

Emotional brain, anchor danger, and fear in the amygdala. Cingulate gyrus express emotion and resolve conflict. limbic system interacts with frontal lobe, therefore Emotions, override, logic, and vice versa

Amygdala

Emotional brain. Sense anchor danger, and fear.

Cingulate gyrus

Lotion expression, and conflict resolution

Two components of reticular formation

Reticular neurons sent impulse to cerebral cortex to keep it alerted

Motor nuclei, aid muscle contraction

Hippocampus

Process information

Categories of memory

Declarative memory: explicit learning, thoughts and language, stored with context

Skill memory: Corpus media autonomic connection between a stimulus and response, receive stimulus. Pre-motor and motor cortex. Long term due to repetition and rehearsal

Levels of consciousness

Alertness, drowsiness, stupor, coma

Recording brain waves

Reflects electrical activity during brain function. Brain waves are synaptic activity at the surface of the cortex.

Stages of sleep

Stage one: light sleep, Alpha waves

Stage two: irregular brain waves with sleep spindles

Stage three: deeper sleep, Theta and Delta waves, vital science drop, dreaming

Stage four: Delta waves, skeletal muscles relaxed

Stage five: REM sleep

Changes in sleep

Vital signs drop, mentally active in muscle paralysis, errection

Ascending RAS

Transition into sleep, make thalamus insensitive to stimuli

Locus Coeruleus

Active when awake, produce Nordrenaline causing fight or flight

3 parts of dying, Cephalon

thalamus: forms superolateral walls of third ventricle connected at midline

Hypothalamus: below thalamus, Brain, stem, form inferiorlateral walls of third ventricle

Epithalamus: most dorsal, roof of third ventricle

Role of thalamus

Sense afferent impulses, converge, and synapse, thalamus, sort, and relay impulses as group

Hypothalamus

Regulate blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract, motility rate, depth of breathing, perceived pleasure, fear and rage, maintain body temp, feel hunger, sleep, and sleep cycle

Made up of mammary bodies (relay or factory pathways) and infundiblum(connect pituitary gland, main visceral control center)

Epithalamus

Most dorsal, penal gland extend from posterior, secrete, melatonin, melatonin, regulate sleep, wake cycles, choroid plexus secrete CSF

Brain stem

Made of midbrain, ponds, and medulla oblongata control, automatic behavior, provide pathways for tracks between higher and lower brain centers, 10 out of 12 cranial nerves

Midbrain

Connect third and fourth ventricles, control, kilometer intro glare, cranial nerves, red nucleus, relay nuclei for descending motor pathways

Pons

Form anterior wall and fourth ventricle connect higher brain centers and spinal cords, relay impulses between motor cortex and cerebellum

Medulla oblongata

Most inferior, form ventral wall of fourth ventricle with ponds, contain choroid plexus of fourth ventricle. Medulla nuclei relay sensory information. Vestibular nuclear complex synapses to mediate and maintain equilibrium.

Cerebral peduncles

Contain descending pyramidal motor tracts

Superior and inferior colliculi

Superior colliculi, visual reflex centers

Inferior colliculi: auditory reflex centers

Substantial nigra

Functionally linked to basal nuclei

Red nucleus

Largest nucleus, relay nuclei for descending motor pathways

Cranial nerves of brain stem

oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

Trigeminal (V)

Abducens (VI)

Facial (VII)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Gustatory (IX)

Vagus (X)

Accessory (XI)

Hypoglossal (XII)