Unit 6- Consequences of Industrialization Diagram | Quizlet

Capitalism

Private Wealth and private ownership. Companies are owned by private individuals in order to make a profit.

Socialism

Ownership of business is mixed between the Government and Private investors. The goal of government is to limit vast inequality.

White Man's Burden

the concept that it was the duty of "civilized" white societies to dominate and educate non-white "barbarians." It framed imperialism as a MORAL obligation and a DUTY of Europeans

Spheres of Influence

Division of the world (specifically China) into areas of trade and commerce controlled by a European country, without having to take over the entire political governing of the region

Open Door Policy

Policy of keeping China from being dominated by any single Europeans power so that every nation can trade with China.

Scramble for Africa

19th century "race" in which European countries divided Africa into Spheres of Influence in order to control the natural resources necessary for European industrialization.

Factory System

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building. This new system gradually replaced localized cottage industry. Workers were paid by the hour instead of for what they produce.

Cottage Industry

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in cities

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's people group- often to the detriment of other people groups

Nation-State

a sovereign state whose citizens are made up of a single nation group and have common language, culture, and history

Realpolitik

Ruling the government based on practical or realistic policies rather than far fetched idealistic policies that never seem to turn out well.

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s

Factors of Production

Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services

Labor Unions

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions. Grew out of the terrible working and living conditions of the Industrial Revolution.

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in collectively owned, and the elimination of social classes.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Social Darwinism

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

"Civilizing Mission"

the concept that Western nations used to justify imperial administration; included notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans and a benefit for the colonized, especially in the realm of spreading Christianity and Western education and culture

British East India Company (BEIC)

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

King Leopold II

the Belgian king who opened up the African interior to European trade along the Congo River and by 1884 controlled the area known as the Congo Free State

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

Settler Colonies

Colonies, such as those in South Africa, New Zealand, Algeria, Kenya, and Hawaii, where minority European populations lived among majority indigenous peoples.

Otto Von Bismarck

Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire

TERM

Opium Wars

DEFINITION

Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (min 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes.

TERM

Boxer Rebellion

DEFINITION

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

TERM

Sepoy Rebellion

DEFINITION

The revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny.

TERM

Meiji Restoration

DEFINITION

In 1868, a Japanese state-sponsored industrialization and westernization effort that also involved the elimination of the Shogunate and power being handed over to the Japanese Emperor, who had previously existed as mere spiritual/symbolic figure.

TERM

Berlin Conference

DEFINITION

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules for the colonization of Africa

TERM

Liberia

DEFINITION

In 1820, the American Colonization Society created a colony in West Africa for freed slaves to go. Was able to resist imperialism because of the relationship with USA

TERM

Ethiopia

DEFINITION

Resisted imperialism and their ruler decided to modernize his country

TERM

Congo

DEFINITION

First imperialized by King Leopold II of Belgium, in 1885. It was later taken over by the Belgian government in 1908. The motivations for King Leopold's imperialism was the vast amount of natural resources present such as ivory and rubber.

TERM

Hawaii

DEFINITION

Annexed in 1898, became vital for US agricultural interests in the Pacific (sugar/pineapple). Also meant to be a coaling station for US ships.

TERM

Philippines

DEFINITION

Spanish colonial control of the Philippines continued until 1898, when the United States took possession of the islands as a territory after winning the Spanish-American War.