Porcine G.I ICVA Diseases

Ascaris suum infection:C.S (Pulmonary phase)

Larval migration phase

Thumps(expiratory Dyspnea)

- w/marked coughing + nasal discharge

Tachypnea + verminous pneumonia

Fever

Ascaris suum infection: C.S (Intestinal phase)

Diarrhea

Unthriftiness

Ileus + Intestinal Obstruction

Pot Bellied Appearance

Ascaris suum infection:D.X

Roundworm

Fecal flotation

Post- mortem Examination: Milk spots on the liver, Adult worms in the intestines

PCR

Serology

Ascaris suum infection: T.X

Anthelmintic: Fenbendazole, Albendazole

Ivermectin

Levamisole

Clostridium perfringens infection Type A: C.S

Chronic/ subacute + primarily 1 to 2 weeks old

Mild to moderate diarrhea (creamy/water)

Weight loss/stunted growth

Clostridium perfringens infection Type A: D.X

Necropsy ( particularly jejunum)

Toxin detection

Histopath

Clostridium perfringens infection Type A: T.X

ABX: Penicillin, Tylosin, Bacitran

Supportive therapy: Fluids, lytes

Clostridium perfringens infection Type C: C.S

Peracute/ acute enteritis: Affects newborns (1- days)

Sudden death

Hemorrhagic Diarrhea

Clostridium perfringens infection Type C: D.X

Necropsy(particularly jejunum)

Toxin detection: differentiate A + C

Histopath

Clostridium perfringens infection Type C: T.X

ABX: Penicillin, Tylosin, Bacitran, Ampicillin

Supportive therapy: Fluids, Lytes

Antitoxin Serum: For severe outbreaks

Prevention: Vaccinate Sows

Clostridium perfringens infection Difficile:C.S

Enteritis

Colitis

Clostridium perfringens infection Difficile:D.X

ELISA

Clostridium perfringens infection Difficile:T.X

ABX: Penicillin, Tylosin, Bacitran, Ampicillin

Supportive therapy: Fluids, Lytes

Antitoxin Serum: For severe outbreaks

Prevention: Vaccinate Sows

Coccidiosis: C.S

Diarrhea: Yellow,Pasty or watery

Dehydration

Poor growth/ Anorexia

Lethargy

Rough hair count

Coccidiosis: D.X

Fecal Exam

Histopath

PCR

Clinical History

Coccidiosis:T.X

Toltrazuril*

Sulfonamides

Supportive Care

Broadspectrum antibiotics

E.coli:C.S Neonatal Diarrhea (ETEC)

Profuse watery yellowish diarrhea

E.coli:C.S Post-weaning Diarrhea (ETEC+ EPEC)

Less severe

Stunted growth

E.coli:C.S Edema disease (STEC)

Facial/Eyelid swelling

Neurological signs + Shiga toxin

E.coli:C.S Septicemia

Seen primarily neonates

Fever

Septicemia

Swollen joints

E.coli:D.X

Necropsy

Bacteriology: Fecal

PCR

Histopath

E.coli:T.X

Fluid therapy: ORS

ABX: amoxicillin + ceftiofur, gentamicin

Supportive Care

Probiotics + Prebiotics

Zinc Oxide supplementation

Prevention: Vaccination

Gastric Ulcers:C.S

Poor growth rate + weight loss

Reduced Feed intake

Pale MM

Melena

Sudden death (severe hemorrhagic cases)

Gastric Ulcers:D.X

Necropsy

Endoscopy: view gastric mucosa

CBC, PCV

Fecal Exam

Gastric Ulcers:T.X

Dietary management: Coarser fed, well balanced, reduced period of fasting

Medical therapy

- PPIs: omeprazole or pantoprazole (reduced gastric acid secretion)

- H2 receptor Antagonist: ranitidine or famotidine (reduced acid production)

Sucralfate: Mucosal protectant

ABX: secondary bacterial infection

Supportive care

Lawsonia spp. infection ( porcine proliferative enteropathy):C.S

Poor growth rates

Chronic disease(PIA)

- Primarily Grower finisher (6 to 20 wks)

- diarrhea, soft to watery with or without blood

- weight loss or failure to thrive

- Poor growth rates

PHE(4-12 months of Age)

- Sudden death

- Bloody diarrhea

- Pale mm

general weakness + Collapse

Lawsonia spp. infection ( porcine proliferative enteropathy):D.X

Gross path: Thickened intestinal mucosa

Histopath: Hyperplastic crypt

IHC: Formalin fixed tissue

Serology

Lawsonia spp. infection ( porcine proliferative enteropathy):T.X

ABX: Tylosin, Tetracyclines, Tiamulin, Macrolides

Supportive Care

Control + Prevention

Vaccination

Biosecurity

Prophylactic ABX

Trichuris Suis (Whipworm):C.S

Mucoid +/- blood diarrhea, dehydration

Weight loss + Failure to thrive

Anemia + Lethargy in prolonged infections

Trichuris Suis (Whipworm):D.X

Fecal Floats, Necropsy revealing adult whipworm in cecum + colon

Trichuris Suis (Whipworm):T.X

Fenbendazole

Regular cleaning of enclosure

Strongyloides ransomi (Threadworm):C.S

Severe diarrhea +/- watery,

Respiratory signs: cough

Dehydration + weight loss

Skin irritation @ site of larval Penetration

Strongyloides ransomi:D.X

Fecal float

Postmortem: adult worms

Strongyloides ransomi: T.X

Ivermectin or Benzimidazoles

Improve sanitiation

Oesohagestromum:C.S

AKA nodular worms

Chronic diarrhea w/mucus or blood

Poor weight gain + decreased feed efficiency

+/- intestinal blockage or peritonitis if nodule rupture

Oesohagestromum: D.X

Fecal Float

Necropsy: adultworms

Oesohagestromum: T.X

Levamisole

Fenbendazole

Ivermectin

Regular Deworm

Metastrongylus spp.: C.S

Metastrongylus spp.: D.X

Fecal Float

Metastrongylus spp.: T.X

Ivermectin

Levamisole

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: C.S

Sudden outbreak of diarrhea in all age groups

Based on age of pigs w/neonates= 100% mortality

Watery profuse yellowish diary, lethargy, weight loss, vomit

Older pigs: Mild to moderate diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia

Genetically similar to TGEV

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: D.X

RT-PCR

ELISA

Histopath

Virus isolation

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: T.X

Supportive, no antiviral

Fluid + Lyte replacement

Nutritional Support

ABX: bacterial infections

Prevention:Vaccination, biosecurity

Rectal Prolapse:C.S

Minor discomfort, Mild strain to defecate

Moderate stages: Cylindrical mass of rectal protruding

Severe: +/- necrotic, leading to a dark, dry, ulcerated

Rectal Prolapse:D.X

Visual inspection

Rectal Prolapse:T.X

If mild to moderate: Manual reductions, Retention Suture, NSAIDs

Severe: sx, +/- amputation

Rectal stricture:

Rotavirus infection:C.S

Profuse Diarrhea (watery yellow to gray)

Dehydration, Weak + Lethargy

Failure to thrive

Rotavirus infection:D.X

PCR

ELISA

Immunihistochem

Election Microscopy

Rotavirus infection:T.X

No antiviral tx

Supportive care

Fluid therapy

ABX

Nutritional Support

Prevention: Vaccination in sows

Salmonellosis:C.S

Salmonellosis:D.X

Salmonellosis:T.X

Cholerasuis: ceftior, enrofloxacin, Florifenicol

Typhimurium: amoxicillin,tms,neomycin

Supportive Care

Swine dysentery (Brachyspira):C.S

Primarily affect grower/finisher(8-14wk)

Mucoid diarrhea @ first

weight loss + poor growth, Dehydration +Lethargy, Death

Swine dysentery (Brachyspira):D.X

Necropsy

Fibrinous pseudomembranous + necrosis in colon + cecum, microscopic, culture+PCR, serology

Swine dysentery (Brachyspira):T.X

ABX:Tiamulin, Valiemulin in feed or water injected in Severe patients

Lincomycin + Tylosin

No Vaccine

Transmissible gastroenteritis:C.S

Neonates: 100% mortality, yellow-green diarrhea

Weaned: Diarrhea + vomit+ dehydration

Grower/Finisher: mild to mod diarrhea. Decrease growth rate

Sow + Gilt: Diarrhea, decreased feed intake,

Transmissible gastroenteritis:D.X

Histo: Thin intestinal was of small intestine

PCR

Fluorescent antibody

Isolation

Serology

Transmissible gastroenteritis:T.X

No Cure

Supportive care

Hydration + Uremia + ABX

Prevention: Depopulate , Vaccinate sows

Mycoplasma suis