Mixture & Glycerite

Mixtures

Aqueous liquid preparations that contain suspended insoluble solid substances intended for internal use.

In pharmacy

A preparation consisting of a liquid holding an insoluble medicinal substance in a suspension by means of acacia, sugar, or some other viscid (sticky/glutinous) material.

Insoluble Substances

• DO NOT make the mixture very VISCOUS

• Particles remain suspended by using a suitable suspending agent or thickening agent.

Very Finely Divided

• Good mixtures should have insoluble solid substances in this It suspend more readily

• Settle out more slowly in large particles, thus, resulting in a uniform dosage.

• This is accomplished by the use of colloid mills, special methods of precipitation, and suspending agents.

Palatability

Must be associated with colloidal agents.

“Shake well” label

Mixtures and other preparations with insoluble particles should have this.

Lotion

Colloidal dispersion (between 1.0 nm - 0.5 μm)

Magmas & Gel

(0.5 μm - 10 μm)

Mixture

( > 0.5 μm)

Molecular dispersion

• <1.0 nm

• Rapid diffusion, invisible in electron microscope (Ordinary loss)

Colloidal dispersion

• 1.0 nm - 0.5 μm

• Diffuse slowly, visible in electron microscope, ultramicroscope (colloidal Ag sol)

• Magma & Gel

Course dispersion

• > 0.5 μm

• Don’t diffuse, visible under microscope (Suspension & emulsion)

• Lotion

More Active

Become more Adsorbent & protectives when in contact with the inflamed areas

Finer State of Subdivision

• Suspended more readily and settle much slowly than large particles

• Enabling the patient to obtain uniform doses of suspended particle

Increase Palatability

Finer State of Subdivision would increase this with the use of colloidal suspending agent

Viscosity Modifier

Glycerin

CaCO3

Chemical Formula of Chalk Mixture

Calcium Carbonate or Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

Chalk Mixture is also called this

Insoluble solid substances

• The preparation should have a shake well label since this

• Dispersed or Suspended in the Mixture

Uniformly Distributed

The shake well label indicated in the label means that

the patient should shake the product first before taking the drug to ensure the suspensoids are this throughout the preparation.

Glycerite

• Solution or mixture of medicinal substances in NOT LESS THAN 50% by weight

• Viscous while some are jelly like

• Used to prepare aqueous and alcoholic dilutions of substances which are readily soluble in water or alcohol.

• Protectant, emollient, pill excipient, substitute for fatty ointment

Hygroscopic

Tightly Closed Container

Glycerol

• Called glycerine or glycerin- simple triol compound

• It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic.

Reducing Agent

Glycerin

KMnO4, chromium trioxide or KClO3

• Should NOT be triturated with strong oxidzing agent

• Explosion likely to occur

Contamination of Iron

It produces coloration with phenol, salicylates, tannin

Strong HNO3 / H2SO4

Converts glycerin into an explosive nitroglycerin

Heat

• This ruptures the starch grains

• Permits the water to reach & hydrate the linear

• α and β subunit and branched starch molecules which trap the dispersion medium in the interstices to form a gel.

Sand Bath

Starch Glycerite