Nutrition

Anatomy

Structure and body parts.

Physiology

How the body parts work together to support life processes.

B vitamins

Vitamins that turn food into energy.

Calcium regulation

Controls bone health by regulating breaking and maintaining of bones.

Sodium

Increases fluids in the body; excessive amounts can lead to high blood pressure.

Hematopoiesis

The formation of red blood cells (RBC) that occurs within long bones.

Muscular System

Muscles contract to provide movement, support structure, and heat production.

Cardiovascular System

Pumps blood to carry nutrients, wastes, gases, and regulate temperature.

Lymphatic System

Collects fluids, filters blood, houses immune cells, and absorbs dietary fats.

Nervous System

Coordinates activities of other organ systems and responds to signals.

Respiratory System

Delivers air for gas exchange and removes wastes.

Endocrine System

Create and release hormones that direct various body processes.

Hormones

Substances that carry messages to tissues.

Integumentary System

Consists of skin, hair, nails; protects and regulates temperature.

Excretory System

Excretes waste from metabolism and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.

Male Reproductive System

Includes testes that produce sperm and associated ducts.

Female Reproductive System

Includes ovaries that produce eggs and associated structures.

Gastrointestinal Tract

Where digestion occurs, including pancreas and liver that assist in digestion.

Chyme

Semi-liquid, partially digested food passed from the stomach to the small intestine.

Villi

Small projections that increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine.

Microvilli

Further increase surface area on epithelial cells for absorption.

Pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes and aids in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Liver

Produces bile, stores nutrients, activates enzymes, and detoxifies substances.

BAC

Blood alcohol concentration.

Physiological detoxification

Processing and eliminating potentially harmful substances.

Gut Microbiome

Bacteria that provide immune benefits and help finish digestion.

Digestion

Breaks food into components small enough for the body to use.

Absorption

Moves nutrient components from the GI tract into the blood or lymph.

Stomach Acid

Made by parietal cells in the stomach lining; composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl).