PRAXIS Study Guide 5343 (2024) Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the Foundations, Assessment, and Intervention sections of the Praxis Study Guide 5343, including anatomical terms, physiological processes, and clinical procedures.

Superior

A basic anatomical term of direction meaning above.

Interaural Level Difference (ILD)

A binaural cue used primarily to localize high frequencies ($> 2\,kHz$) based on the different amounts of sound reaching the two ears due to the head shadow effect.

Interaural Timing Difference (ITD)

A binaural cue used primarily to localize low frequencies ($< 2\,kHz$) based on the speed of sound and the time difference between ears.

External Auditory Meatus

The ear canal, measuring approximately $2.5-3\,cm$ long, with an outer $1/3$ that is cartilaginous and an inner $2/3$ that is bony.

Impedance

The opposition to energy flow; an impedance mismatch results in reflected sound energy.

Perilymph

Inner ear fluid found in the membranous cochlea characterized by a charge of $0\,mV$, high sodium ($Na^+$), and low potassium ($K^+$).

Endolymph

Inner ear fluid found in the membranous cochlea characterized by a charge of $80\,mV$, low sodium ($Na^+$), and high potassium ($K^+$).

Organ of Corti

The 'Organ of hearing' located within the cochlea which contains supporting cells, hair cells, the stria vascularis, and the spiral ligament.

Cochlear Amplifier

A process dependent on Outer Hair Cell ($OHC$) electromotility via the prestin motor protein, which increases gain for soft sounds and provides sharp frequency tuning.

Fundamental Frequency ($F_0$)

The number of times the vocal folds open in $1\,sec$; it is the natural resonating frequency of a periodic signal.

Inverse Square Law

A physical principle where every doubling of distance decreases the sound level by $6\,dB$.

Recruitment

The abnormal perception of loudness growth commonly seen in ears with Sensorineural Hearing Loss ($SNHL$), leading to a small dynamic range.

Binaural Summation

A psychoacoustic effect where sounds heard with both ears are louder than with one ear, providing a $3\,dB$ advantage near threshold and a $6\,dB$ advantage at $\geq 35\,dB$ above threshold.

Penetrance

The percentage of individuals with a dominant genetic trait who actually express that trait.

Otosclerosis

A pathology characterized by progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, the 'Schwartze sign' (pink hue eardrum), and 'Carhart’s notch' (a dip in bone conduction at $1-3\,kHz$).

Meniere’s Disease

Also known as Endolymphatic hydrops, it includes symptoms of aural fullness, fluctuating low-frequency hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo lasting minutes to hours.

Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)

A condition where the cochlea functions normally (present $OAEs$) but the auditory nerve response is abnormal (abnormal $ABR$), causing struggles with listening in noise.

Stenger Test

A specialized test based on the loudness principle used to confirm large asymmetries or suspected pseudohypacusis.

Wide Dynamic Range Compression (WDRC)

An input-based hearing aid processing strategy using low compression thresholds ($CT$) and low compression ratios ($CR$) to increase audibility for a wider range of inputs.

Real Ear Aided Response (REAR)

A method of hearing aid verification, also called $REMs$, involving a probe microphone to ensure the device meets prescriptive targets.

1-3-6 Rule

The Early Hearing Detection and Identification ($EDHI$) goal to screen infants by $1\,month$, identify hearing loss by $3\,months$, and provide intervention by $6\,months$.

CPT Codes

Current Procedural Terminology; five-digit identifiers used as a common language between insurance, providers, and payers to summarize medical procedures.